sp. nov., a new member of the phylum , from forest soil in a geothermal area.

Three Gram-stain-positive aerobic bacteria, characterized by branched mycelia with putative sporangia, were isolated from forest soil inside a decayed bamboo stem from a geothermal area in West Java, Indonesia. The strain S3.2.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family isolated from forest soil in a geothermal area.

Six mycelium-forming actinomycete strains were isolated from forest soil near the Cisolok geysers in West Java, Indonesia. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of these strains showed high similarity to members of genera in the family with values less than 96.0 %, and most closely related to the genus AG2-7(94.

Paenibacillus cisolokensis sp. nov., isolated from litter of a geyser.

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, designated strain LC2-13AT, was isolated from Cisolok geyser, West Java, Indonesia, at 50 °C. The isolate was rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the major quinone was menaquinone 7.

VisG is essential for biosynthesis of virginiamycin S, a streptogramin type B antibiotic, as a provider of the nonproteinogenic amino acid phenylglycine.

A streptogramin type B antibiotic, virginiamycin S (VS), is produced by Streptomyces virginiae, together with a streptogramin type A antibiotic, virginiamycin M1 (VM), as its synergistic counterpart. VS is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide containing a nonproteinogenic amino acid, Lphenylglycine (L-pheGly), in its core structure. We have identified, in the left-hand extremity of the virginiamycin supercluster, two genes that direct VS biosynthesis with L-pheGly incorporation.