Investigation of Filtration Performances in Eggshell Ultrafiltration Membranes with Surface Functionalized Using Graphene Oxide.

Efforts to prevent fouling are crucial in advancing ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, especially in addressing the concentration polarization of the accumulation of dissolved dye molecules in wastewater. This study explores the impact of incorporating graphene oxide (GO) onto eggshell (ES) UF membranes regarding their permeability, rejection efficiency, and permeate flow rate. The ES-GO membranes were obtained from eggshells that were modified with varied concentrations of GO (0.

Gold nanoparticles used as a carrier enhance production of anti-hapten IgG in rabbit: a study with azobenzene-dye as a hapten presented on the entire surface of gold nanoparticles.

The azobenzene moiety, well-known not only for its reversible cis-to-trans photoisomerization but also as a hapten, does not induce antibodies on its own, but it reacts with antibodies raised against conjugates with protein carriers. Hence we selected azobenzene dye as an indicator to assess the possibility of having gold nano-particles act as an immunological carrier instead of protein carriers. In rabbits, we confirmed an in vivo response against azobenzene dye presented on the entire surface of gold nanoparticles (azo-nanoparticles), where the gold nanoparticles appeared to play a role as a carrier for the hapten.