Accessory Scrotum.

An accessory scrotum is characterized by a characteristic skin appearance in addition to a normal scrotum in the anatomically normal position. We report an accessory inguinal left hemiscrotum in a 15-day-old male infant. There was a normal scrotum and penis.

Fabricated or induced illness in twins associated with insertion of trocar needles into their bodies.

Fabricated and/or induced illness (previously known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy) is a form of child abuse in which the perpetrator induces, exaggerates or fabricates illness in his/her child. Two-month-old twins were referred to the paediatric surgery centre with trocar needles lodged in different organs. A radiograph undertaken in one of them because of acute respiratory distress demonstrated needles in the heart and diaphragm which were removed surgically.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood: diagnosis difficulties and success of conservative treatment.

Background: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an uncommon form of chronic pyelonephritis rarely seen in children. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult and management is still obscure.

Aim: The authors report on a focal pseudotumoral case and discuss therapeutic modalities.

Presternal giant epidermal cyst: 2 cases.

Background: Epidermal cysts are a common benign lesion, occurring often above the shoulder and within the face and the scalp. Presternal site and huge volume are quite rare, especially in children.

Aim: The authors report on two paediatric cases, discuss etiopathogenesis and diagnostic difficulties.

A stump appendicitis in a child: a case report.

Background: Stump appendicitis is a delayed complication of appendectomy. It is rare and few cases reported in the paediatric literature. The authors report on another case in a child and focus on the diagnostic peculiarities of this entity.