Impact of Income on Physical Concerns, Help Seeking, and Unmet Needs of Adult Cancer Survivors.

Purpose: Cancer treatment can have consequences for individuals which may have profound impact on daily living. Accessing assistance can be problematic. This study explores associations between income and concerns, help-seeking, and unmet needs related to physical changes following cancer treatment.

Relationship between income and concerns about physical changes and help-seeking by older adult cancer survivors: a secondary analysis.

Objective: Globally, the number of older adults surviving cancer is anticipated to grow rapidly over the next decades. Cancer and its treatment can leave survivors with a myriad of challenges including physical changes which impact independence and quality of life. This project explored the relationship of income level with concerns and help-seeking for physical changes following treatment in older Canadian survivors of cancer.

Improvement of a synthetic live bacterial therapeutic for phenylketonuria with biosensor-enabled enzyme engineering.

In phenylketonuria (PKU) patients, a genetic defect in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) leads to elevated systemic phenylalanine (Phe), which can result in severe neurological impairment. As a treatment for PKU, Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) strain SYNB1618 was developed under Synlogic's Synthetic Biotic™ platform to degrade Phe from within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This clinical-stage engineered strain expresses the Phe-metabolizing enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catalyzing the deamination of Phe to the non-toxic product trans-cinnamate (TCA).

Early Intervention for LGBTQ Health: A 10-Hour Curriculum for Preclinical Health Professions Students.

Introduction: Individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ) face significant health disparities and barriers to accessing care. Patients have reported provider lack of knowledge as one of the key barriers to culturally responsive, clinically competent care. Many US and Canadian medical schools still offer few curricular hours dedicated to LGBTQ-related topics, and medical students continue to feel unprepared to care for LGBTQ patients.

Dysphagia presentation and management following COVID-19: an acute care tertiary centre experience.

Objectives: As the pathophysiology of COVID-19 emerges, this paper describes dysphagia as a sequela of the disease, including its diagnosis and management, hypothesised causes, symptomatology in relation to viral progression, and concurrent variables such as intubation, tracheostomy and delirium, at a tertiary UK hospital.

Results: During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, 208 out of 736 patients (28.9 per cent) admitted to our institution with SARS-CoV-2 were referred for swallow assessment.

Demand creation for primary biomedical prevention: identifying lessons across interventions to inform daily oral preexposure prophylaxis programs.

Purpose Of Review: At a moment when UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS) has acknowledged a 'prevention crisis,' and multiple countries and implementers are emphasizing 'user-centered' and/or differentiated models of delivering HIV treatment and prevention, it is essential to understand and act on best practices from all relevant interventions to create effective oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programs.

Recent Findings: It is possible to adapt private sector approaches to understanding and segmenting the preferences and mindsets of potential consumers to primary HIV prevention programs, as demonstrated by a voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC)-focused intervention that successfully trained and supported counselors to identify and deliver tailored messages to men potentially undergoing VMMC. Literature on PrEP and demand creation is less extensive and suggests uneven application of user-centered design and demand-side thinking; a recent analysis of condom programing demonstrates that failure to maintain resources for social marketing can drive a collapse in use and an increase in HIV incidence.

Legal insanity: assessment of the inability to refrain.

Maryland's test for a finding of legal insanity (not criminally responsible [NCR]) allows a defendant to be found legally insane due to either a lack of appreciation of wrongfulness (cognitive impairment [CI]) or lack of ability to refrain from illegal behavior (volitional impairment [VI]). During a four-year period, 1,446 defendants underwent in-depth (post screening) evaluations for the NCR plea at Maryland state hospitals. Of the 416 defendants assessed as NCR by the hospitals' court-appointed evaluators, 44 (11%) were assessed as NCR due to VI alone.

Evaluating characteristics of community riparian awareness program interactions.

As part of its mandate to evaluate and monitor program delivery, the Alberta Riparian Habitat Management Society (Cows and Fish) has commissioned independent evaluations to examine the effectiveness and applicability of the community-based riparian awareness and management program. The society's aim is to improve the understanding of landscape function, to better enable landowners and managers to make management decisions. The staff interaction evaluation examined staff ability to deliver certain valued characteristics, and identified whether the program and staff increased awareness and management action.

Competitive particle concentration fluorescence immunoassays for measuring anti-diabetic drug levels in mouse plasma.

Two competitive particle concentration fluorescence immunoassays were developed to measure blood levels of analogs of anti-diabetic drugs being tested in diabetic mice. Ligands that contained the active pharmacophores were conjugated to PPD for immunization and to beta-phycoerythrin for use as a tracer in the immunoassays. Approximately 90% of 262 compounds assayed were detectable at less than 120 nM in plasma which was well below the estimated therapeutic level of 1 microM for lowering blood glucose.

Monoclonal antibodies as surrogate receptors in a high throughput screen for compounds that enhance insulin sensitivity.

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were made to a known insulin sensitivity enhancer (ISE) compound, CS-045. The MoAbs were characterized with respect to binding other known thiazolidinedione ISE compounds using a CS-045 labeled with b-phycoerythrin in a competitive particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA). By comparing the rank order of IC50 values for each compound to its respective potency as an ISE, one MoAb (13E3) was selected for further characterization.

Effect of aspirin use on death and recurrent myocardial infarction in current and former cigarette smokers. Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias Group.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aspirin use on mortality and morbidity rates in a subset of the control group of the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) that was stratified by cigarette smoking status at the time of randomization. The clinical impact of aspirin intake in cigarette smokers and former cigarette smokers has not been well studied. POSCH was a randomized, controlled, clinical trial designed to ascertain the effects of lipid modification by the partial ileal bypass operation on clinical end-points and arteriographic changes in postmyocardial infarction subjects with hypercholesterolemia.

Subgroup analyses of the major clinical endpoints in the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH): overall mortality, atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (ACHD) mortality, and ACHD mortality or myocardial infarction.

The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) was a secondary atherosclerosis intervention trial employing partial ileal bypass surgery as the intervention modality. For this report, we analyzed 105 subgroups in 35 variables in POSCH, chosen predominantly for their potential relationship to the risk of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (ACHD). We defined potential differential effects as those with: (1) an absolute z-value > or = 2.

Perception of quality of life before and after disclosure of trial results: a report from the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH).

The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) was a randomized controlled clinical trial designed to ascertain whether cholesterol lowering induced by the partial ileal bypass operation would favorably affect overall mortality and the mortality and morbidity due to coronary heart disease. The trial results provided strong clinical and coronary arteriographic support for the beneficial effects of lipid modification for the reduction of atherosclerosis progression. At the same time, the surgery-assigned group experienced diarrhea and an increased incidence of kidney stones and gallstones compared to the control-assigned group.

Serum creatinine as an independent predictor of coronary heart disease mortality in normotensive survivors of myocardial infarction. POSCH Group.

Background: Serum creatinine has been reported in previous studies to be a prognostic indicator for overall mortality, in particular in a hypertensive population.

Methods: The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) was a randomized, controlled clinical trial. All patients had survived a single myocardial infarction, were normotensive, were not obese, were not having heart failure, and were free of diabetes mellitus and renal disease at entry into the study.

Women in the POSCH trial. Effects of aggressive cholesterol modification in women with coronary heart disease. The POSCH Group. Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias.

The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) provided the clearest and the most convincing evidence supporting the beneficial effects of cholesterol lowering in hypercholesterolemic survivors of a myocardial infarction. In POSCH, 78 of the 838 patients (9.3%) were women, with 32 randomized to the diet-control group and 46 to the diet plus partial ileal bypass surgery-intervention group.

Changes in sequential coronary arteriograms and subsequent coronary events. Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) Group.

Objective: Assessment of the relationship between changes in sequential coronary arteriograms and subsequent clinical coronary events.

Design: The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias, a randomized secondary atherosclerosis intervention trial, obtained coronary arteriograms at baseline, 3, 5, and 7 or 10 years of follow-up. Assessments of changes between pairs of coronary arteriograms were made by two-member panels blinded to the patients' assigned treatment and to the temporal sequence of the films.

Partial ileal bypass in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Partial ileal bypass is a surgical method of lowering circulating cholesterol levels. This article outlines the history of the partial ileal bypass operation and compares the efficacy, durability, compliance, safety, and cost of this operation with currently available diet and drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia. Partial ileal bypass patients have been followed for up to 26 years, and the procedure is employed currently throughout the United States and Europe.

Pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis post-partial ileal bypass surgery: case-control study. The POSCH Group.

Between 1975 and 1983, 838 patients were randomized into the Program on the Surgical Control of Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) trial: 417 to standard medical care and 421 to partial ileal bypass (PIB) surgery. During the course of the trial, an increased incidence of kidney stone formation was found in the surgery group (4%/year) as compared to the control group (0.4%/year).

Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH): patient entry characteristics. The POSCH Group.

The entry characteristics of patients in the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH), a randomized, controlled, clinical trial, are described in this article. The primary objective addressed by POSCH was whether lowering total plasma cholesterol by partial ileal bypass surgery results in a reduction in mortality and morbidity in post-myocardial infarction patients. Between 1975 and 1983, 838 patients between the ages of 30 and 64 years were randomized into POSCH.