Economics at the FCC 2021-22: 5G Spectrum Auctions, Affordable Connectivity, Broadband Data Collection, and Merger Review.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is responsible for regulation in the communications marketplace and for management of the nation's non-federal radio spectrum. During the past year, FCC economists continued to work on auctions so as to repurpose mid-band spectrum for advanced wireless services - including 5G - as well as initiatives to close the connectivity gap and make broadband more affordable. FCC economists also evaluated the likely competitive effects of Verizon's proposed acquisition of prepaid competitor TracFone Wireless.

Failures of Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement Using the Root Remodeling Technique.

Background: Valve failure may occur after valve-sparing aortic root replacement. Little is known about the exact mechanisms of failure. This study analyzed reoperations after aortic root remodeling to determine failure modes, operative risk, and long-term outcome.

Identifying and quantifying multisensory integration: a tutorial review.

We process information from the world through multiple senses, and the brain must decide what information belongs together and what information should be segregated. One challenge in studying such multisensory integration is how to quantify the multisensory interactions, a challenge that is amplified by the host of methods that are now used to measure neural, behavioral, and perceptual responses. Many of the measures that have been developed to quantify multisensory integration (and which have been derived from single unit analyses), have been applied to these different measures without much consideration for the nature of the process being studied.

Interactions between the spatial and temporal stimulus factors that influence multisensory integration in human performance.

In natural environments, human sensory systems work in a coordinated and integrated manner to perceive and respond to external events. Previous research has shown that the spatial and temporal relationships of sensory signals are paramount in determining how information is integrated across sensory modalities, but in ecologically plausible settings, these factors are not independent. In the current study, we provide a novel exploration of the impact on behavioral performance for systematic manipulations of the spatial location and temporal synchrony of a visual-auditory stimulus pair.

Counting single chromophore molecules for ultrasensitive analysis and separations on microchip devices.

Separations of 15 pM rhodamine 6G and 30 pM rhodamine B performed in a micromachined electrophoresis channel were detected by counting fluorescence bursts from individual molecules. The migration times, peak widths, and analyte concentrations were estimated from the number and the migration time distribution of the detected molecules. Concentration detection limits estimated at >99% confidence were 1.

The Luque trolley revisited. Review of nine cases requiring revision.

This study is a retrospective review of nine patients who underwent Luque instrumentation without fusion from 1982-1984. Average age at surgery was 9 years. Average preoperative curve was 51 degrees (30 degrees-70 degrees).

Biocompatibility of Delrin 150: a creep-resistant polymer for total joint prostheses.

A thermoplastic polymer, Delrin 150 (polyoxymethylene homopolymer), with creep resistance ten times that of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, is used as a material for total joint prostheses. A study was made of the local and systemic host response to this polymer when implanted in three different mammalian species. 316 LC stainless steel was used as a control.

Use of pocket inlay grafts and tuberoplasty in maxillary prosthetic construction.

A method of surgical and prosthetic rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxillae using pocket inlay grafts and tuberoplasty is presented. At 2 1/2 years postoperatively, the denture in a patient treated in this manner remains stable with good retention and function. The principles presented may be applied in a variety of situations to achieve greater retention and stability of the maxillary denture.

A histologic evaluation of bone response to bur cutting with and without water coolant.

Thirty-six bony cuts were made in the lateral aspect of the mandibles of mongrel dogs. Irrigation was employed in eighteen cuts, while the remaining eighteen were cut without irrigation. Histologic specimens were obtained at 1 hour, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, and 3 weeks.

On the cause of green hair.

Two silver-blond young women developed green, tinted hair from exposure to tap water containing excessive amounts of copper. Results from analyses of tracemetal content of hair as an indication of excessive ingestion, systemic toxicity, or metabolic derangement should be interpreted with caution in view of the demonstrated ease of external contamination from common sources.