Traditional gendered arrangements-norms, roles, prejudices, and hierarchies-shape every human life. Associated harms are primarily framed as women's issues due to more severe consequences women face. Yet, gendered arrangements also shape 's relationships, career paths, and health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Psychol Gen
November 2024
Traditional explanations for stereotypes assume that they result from deficits in humans (ingroup-favoring motives, cognitive biases) or their environments (majority advantages, real group differences). An alternative explanation recently proposed that stereotypes can emerge when exploration is costly. Even optimal decision makers in an ideal environment can inadvertently form incorrect impressions from arbitrary encounters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFive studies (N = 7972) validated a brief measure and model of four facets of social evaluation (friendliness and morality as horizontal facets; ability and assertiveness as vertical facets). Perceivers expressed their personal impressions or estimated society's impression of different types of targets (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To evaluate the long-term effect of a tablet-based, cognitive-behavioral group intervention (Tab-G) to improve daily walking for older adults with arthritis.
Method: Using an experimental pretest/posttest repeated measure design, long-term effects on step count, fatigue, self-efficacy, and quality of life (QOL) were investigated.
Results: Results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant improvement in step counts (F[1, 37] = 4.
According to ambivalent sexism theory (Glick & Fiske, 1996), the coexistence of gendered power differences and mutual interdependence creates two apparently opposing but complementary sexist ideologies: hostile sexism (HS; viewing women as manipulative competitors who seek to gain power over men) coincides with benevolent sexism (BS; a chivalrous view of women as pure and moral, yet weak and passive, deserving men's protection and admiration, as long as they conform). The research on these ideologies employs the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, used extensively in psychology and allied disciplines, often to understand the roles sexist attitudes play in reinforcing gender inequality. Following contemporary guidelines, this systematic review utilizes a principled approach to synthesize the multidisciplinary empirical literature on ambivalent sexism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArtificial intelligence (A.I.) increasingly suffuses everyday life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study assessed implementation of the Computer-based Instrument for Low-motor Language Testing (C-BiLLT). The C-BiLLT is an accessible language comprehension assessment tool originally developed for children with cerebral palsy and complex communication needs. The purpose of the current study was to understand the clinical contexts in which the C-BiLLT is used in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Norway and assess barriers and facilitators to implementation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStories have played a central role in human social and political life for thousands of years. Despite their ubiquity in culture and custom, however, they feature only peripherally in formal government policymaking. Government policy has tended to rely on tools with more predictable responses-incentives, transfers, and prohibitions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Psychol Gen
September 2023
People belong to multiple social groups simultaneously. However, much remains to be learned about the rich semantic perceptions of multiply-categorized targets. Two pretests and three main studies ( = 1,116) compare perceptions of single social categories to perceptions of two intersecting social categories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: It is challenging to reliably assess the language comprehension of children with severe motor and speech impairments using traditional assessment tools. The Computer Based instrument for Low motor Language Testing (C-BiLLT) aims to reduce barriers to evidence-based assessment for this population by allowing children to access the test using non-traditional methods such as eye gaze so they can independently respond to test items. The purpose of this study is to develop a contextualized understanding of the factors that influenced clinicians' implementation of the C-BILLT in practice in the Netherlands and Norway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To understand the experience of critical care nurses when performing common, yet error-prone, programming tasks on two unfamiliar intravenous smart pumps.
Design: A qualitative descriptive study using data collected during a previous quantitative pilot study.
Methods: Following completion of common intravenous programming tasks each participant was interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide.
J Pers Soc Psychol
December 2022
The spontaneous stereotype content model (SSCM) describes a comprehensive taxonomy, with associated properties and predictive value, of social-group beliefs that perceivers report in open-ended responses. Four studies ( = 1,470) show the utility of spontaneous stereotypes, compared to traditional, prompted, scale-based stereotypes. Using natural language processing text analyses, Study 1 shows the most common spontaneous stereotype dimensions for salient social groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInaccurate stereotypes-perceived differences among groups that do not actually differ-are prevalent and consequential. Past research explains stereotypes as emerging from a range of factors, including motivational biases, cognitive limitations, and information deficits. Considering the minimal forces required to produce inaccurate assumptions about group differences, we found that locally adaptive exploration is sufficient: An initial arbitrary interaction, if rewarding enough, may discourage people from investigating alternatives that would be equal or better.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCogn Res Princ Implic
December 2021
Systemic racism is a scientifically tractable phenomenon, urgent for cognitive scientists to address. This tutorial reviews the built-in systems that undermine life opportunities and outcomes by racial category, with a focus on challenges to Black Americans. From American colonial history, explicit practices and policies reinforced disadvantage across all domains of life, beginning with slavery, and continuing with vastly subordinated status.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
October 2021
Global cooperation rests on popular endorsement of cosmopolitan values-putting all humanity equal to or ahead of conationals. Despite being comparative judgments that may trade off, even sacrifice, the in-group's interests for the rest of the world, moral cosmopolitanism finds support in large, nationally representative surveys from Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, China, Japan, the United States, Colombia, and Guatemala. A series of studies probe this trading off of the in-group's interests against the world's interests.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeople gather information about others along a few fundamental dimensions; their current goals determine which dimensions they most need to know. As proponents of competing social-evaluation models, we sought to study the dimensions that perceivers spontaneously prioritize when gathering information about unknown social groups. Because priorities depend on functions, having relational goals (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe purpose of this study was to test usability of a tablet-based cognitive behavioral intervention ("Tab-CBI") application. Tab-CBI was designed to improve a simple walking activity for older adults with arthritis fatigue. Two phases of usability evaluation were conducted: phase I with 5 older adults to identify any initial design issues and phase II with 10 older adults to examine if Tab-CBI was seamlessly integrated into their daily living.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSleep disturbance in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD), more severe AD symptoms, and worse health outcomes. The aim of this review was to examine the relationship between sleep and MCI, and the effectiveness of sleep improvement interventions for older adults with MCI or AD. An integrative review was conducted using four databases, and findings were analyzed using an iterative process.
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