Race, gender, and cohort differences in the educational experiences of Black and White Americans.

Federal legislation and judicial intervention led to significant transformation in the U.S. education system during the early to mid-20th century.

Smartphone-based hyperspectral imaging for ice sheet and proglacial applications in South-West Greenland.

Hyperspectral imaging is a valuable analytical technique with significant benefits for environmental monitoring. However, the application of these technologies remains limited, largely by the cost and bulk associated with available instrumentation. This results in a lack of high-resolution data from more challenging and extreme environmental settings, limiting our knowledge and understanding of the effects of climate change in these regions.

Venous Thromboembolism Rates in Trauma Patients Significantly Increase With Missed Prophylactic Enoxaparin Doses.

Current literature demonstrates prophylactic enoxaparin to be efficacious in reducing venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates without significantly increasing risk for bleeding complications. Despite this evidence, prophylactic enoxaparin doses are frequently withheld for surgery or procedures. This exploratory study aims to quantify the risk of a VTE event in trauma patients associated with missed doses of prophylactic enoxaparin.

InAsSb Photodiode Fibre Optic Thermometry for High-Speed, near-Ambient Temperature Measurements.

Infrared radiation thermometers (IRTs) overcome many of the limitations of thermocouples, particularly responsiveness and calibration drift. The main challenge with radiation thermometry is the fast and reliable measurement of temperatures close to room temperature. A new IRT which is sensitive to wavelengths between 3 μm and 11 μm was developed and tested in a laboratory setting.

Protect the neck: Devastating outcomes of cervical spine fractures in the elderly.

Background: Cervical spine fractures are associated with high mortality in elderly patients. This study aims to identify patient-related and in-hospital factors contributing to this mortality.

Methods: A 3-year retrospective study of 235 patients aged 65+ presenting with cervical spine fractures was performed.

Air Medical Transport for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study of National Trends Over an 8-Year Period.

Objective: Optimal management of ischemic stroke is time dependent. An understanding of patterns of air medical transport may identify disparities that could affect patient care.

Methods: In this 8-year (2007-2014) observational, retrospective, cohort study, we abstracted a 20% national sample of Medicare data from patients ≥ 66 years of age hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke who presented to the emergency department by ambulance (air or ground).

Direct to Operating Room for Decompressive Craniotomy/Craniectomy in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Emergent decompressive craniotomy/craniectomy can be a lifesaving surgical intervention for select patients with traumatic brain injury. Prompt management is critical as early decompression can impact traumatic brain injury outcomes.

Objective: This study aims to describe the feasibility and clinical impact of a new pathway for transporting patients with severe traumatic brain injury directly to the operating room from the trauma bay for decompressive craniotomy/craniectomy.

Evaluation of the Michigan Clinical Consultation and Care Program: An Evidence-Based Approach to Perinatal Mental Healthcare.

Mood and anxiety disorders affect pregnant individuals and their families at increased rates throughout the perinatal period. Geographic, financial, and social barriers often preclude adequate diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the consultation and care arms of the Michigan Clinical Consultation and Care (MC3) program, a statewide program designed to facilitate access to perinatal mental healthcare for OB/Gyn patients, and to describe the participants engaged in the program, examine the predictors of participant retention, and provide preliminary data regarding participants' mental health outcomes.

Outcomes of simultaneous versus staged intramedullary nailing fixation of multiple long bone lower extremity fractures.

Introduction: Repair of multiple lower extremity long bone fractures with intramedullary nail (IMN) fixation is associated with significant cardiopulmonary burden and may result in mortality. These patients are at an increased risk for fat embolism syndrome, pulmonary embolism, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and pneumonia. No standardized guidelines exist to guide treatment of these patients.

Expecting the unexpected: incidental findings at a level 1 trauma center.

Introduction: Incidental findings on comprehensive imaging in the adult trauma population occur at rates as high as 54.8%. We sought to determine the incidence of potentially malignant or pre-malignant incidental findings in a high-volume level 1 trauma center and to evaluate follow-up recommendations.

Out of sight, out of mind? The impact on trauma patient opioid use when the medicine administration schedule is not displayed.

Introduction: The impact of a visual pain medication schedule on opioid use among hospitalized trauma patients is unknown. We examined whether removal of this displayed schedule would decrease oral morphine equivalent (OME) use.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared OME use in trauma patients in the inpatient setting before and after removing the patient-facing pain medication schedule that is typically displayed on the patient's white board for all trauma admissions.

Using Simulated Annealing to Investigate Sensitivity of SEM to External Model Misspecification.

Sensitivity analyses encompass a broad set of post-analytic techniques that are characterized as measuring the potential impact of any factor that has an effect on some output variables of a model. This research focuses on the utility of the simulated annealing algorithm to automatically identify path configurations and parameter values of omitted confounders in structural equation modeling (SEM). An empirical example based on a past published study is used to illustrate how strongly related an omitted variable must be to model variables for the conclusions of an analysis to change.

Arsenic Toxicity From the Ingestion of Terracotta Pottery.

Background: Symptomatic arsenic toxicity has not been associated with terracotta pottery despite thousands of years of use in food storage and preparation. We describe a case of chronic arsenic toxicity from undiagnosed pica involving the ingestion of terracotta pots.

Case Report: A 49-year-old woman with a history of anemia and abnormal uterine bleeding presented to the Emergency Department complaining of lower extremity pain.

Fall Risk Identification Throughout the Continuum of Care for Elderly Trauma Patients: An Injury Prevention Initiative.

Introduction: Falls are the second leading cause of trauma-related deaths worldwide. Identifying fall risk patients and initiating interventions reduces injuries and mortality, particularly in the elderly. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to identify missed opportunities for fall risk identification and intervention for geriatric trauma patients.

Regional variation in U.S dementia trends from 2000-2012.

Although recent studies report a decline in dementia prevalence among U.S. older adults, national trends may mask subnational variation, particularly given large health and social inequalities linked to geography.

To Tranexamic Acid or Not to Tranexamic Acid? Accuracy of Antifibrinolytic Administration at Altitude.

Objective: Tranexamic acid (TXA) has demonstrated a reduction in all-cause mortality in trauma patients with hemorrhage. Administering TXA in the prehospital setting presents unique challenges because the identification of bleeding is based on clinical suspicion without advanced imaging or diagnostic tools. The objective of this study was to examine whether prehospital suspicion of bleeding is validated by in-hospital computed tomographic imaging and examination and to determine if patients received TXA in the absence of hemorrhage.

The NOpioid Project: a prospective observational feasibility study examining the implementation of a non-narcotic post-operative pain control regimen.

Background: Post-operative prescription of opioids has fueled an increase in opioid-associated morbidity and mortality. Alternative post-operative pain control with non-opioid pharmaceuticals can help counteract this effect. We investigated a non-opioid pain management protocol following emergent laparoscopic appendectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

TXNIP interaction with GLUT1 depends on PI(4,5)P.

GLUT1 is a major glucose facilitator expressed ubiquitously among tissues. Upregulation of its expression plays an important role in the development of many types of cancer and metabolic diseases. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is an α-arrestin that acts as an adaptor for GLUT1 in clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Mouse long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 is active as a monomer.

Fatty acids are essential cellular building blocks and a major energy source. Regardless of their metabolic fate, fatty acids first need to be activated by forming a thioester with a coenzyme A group. This reaction is carried out by acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs), of which ACSL1 (long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1) is an important member.

Emotional and physical reactions to perceived discrimination, language preference, and health-related quality of life among Latinos and Whites.

Purpose: To investigate whether emotional and physical reactions to perceived discrimination are associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among whites and Latinos (by language preference) in Arizona.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis using the Arizona Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2012-2014) was restricted to non-Hispanic white and Latino (grouped by English- or Spanish-language preference) participants who completed the Reactions to Race optional module (N = 14,623). Four core items from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Healthy Days Measures were included: self-rated health; physically unhealthy, mentally unhealthy; and functionally limited days.

Meeting Report: Key Outcomes from a Collaborative Summit on Agricultural Water Standards for Fresh Produce.

On February 27 to 28, 2018, the Produce Safety Alliance convened a national water summit in Covington, KY to discuss the requirements of the United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Food Safety Modernization Act Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing, and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption (Produce Safety Rule [PSR]). The goals of the meeting were to better understand the challenges growers face in implementing the requirements in Subpart E-Agricultural Water and work collaboratively to develop practical solutions to meet fruit and vegetable production needs while protecting public health. To meet these goals, the summit engaged a diverse group of stakeholders including growers, researchers, extension educators, produce industry members, and regulatory personnel.

Modelling of THM formation potential and DOM removal based on drinking water catchment characteristics.

Unlabelled: Catchment properties influence the character and concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Surface and subsurface runoff from discrete catchments were collected and DOM was measured and assessed in terms of its treatability by Enhanced Coagulation and potential for disinfection by-product (trihalomethane, THMFP) formation potential. Models were developed of [1] DOM character [i.

Identifying auditory cortex encoding abnormalities in schizophrenia: The utility of low-frequency versus 40 Hz steady-state measures.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and EEG have identified poststimulus low frequency and 40 Hz steady-state auditory encoding abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ). Negative findings have also appeared. To identify factors contributing to these inconsistencies, healthy control (HC) and SZ group differences were examined in MEG and EEG source space and EEG sensor space, with better group differentiation hypothesized for source than sensor measures given greater predictive utility for source measures.

Lower-dose epinephrine administration and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes.

Background: International guidelines recommend administration of 1 mg of intravenous epinephrine every 3-5 min during cardiac arrest. The optimal dose of epinephrine is not known. We evaluated the association of reduced frequency and dose of epinephrine with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).