Disease-Tailored Brief Intervention for Alcohol Use Among Youths With Chronic Medical Conditions: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: In the US, 25% of youths have a chronic medical condition (CMC). Alcohol use is prevalent among youths with a CMC and is associated with treatment nonadherence, simultaneous exposure to contraindicated medications, poor self-care, and elevated rates of progression to heavy and problem use by young adulthood. Preventive interventions targeting these youths are scarce and lack evidence about longer-term risk-stratified effects.

Cell-type-specific mRNA transcription and degradation kinetics in zebrafish embryogenesis from metabolically labeled single-cell RNA-seq.

During embryonic development, pluripotent cells assume specialized identities by adopting particular gene expression profiles. However, systematically dissecting the relative contributions of mRNA transcription and degradation to shaping those profiles remains challenging, especially within embryos with diverse cellular identities. Here, we combine single-cell RNA-Seq and metabolic labeling to capture temporal cellular transcriptomes of zebrafish embryos where newly-transcribed (zygotic) and pre-existing (maternal) mRNA can be distinguished.

Calculating RNA degradation rates using large-scale normalization in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Data normalization is critical to the process of estimating RNA degradation by analyzing RNA levels when transcription is blocked. Here, we present a protocol for measuring mRNA degradation rates, optimized for mouse embryonic stem cells, using α-amanitin inhibitor. We describe steps for a time course α-amanitin treatment, RNA-seq, and alignment; we then detail procedures for analyzing data and sequence enrichment.

Genomic mechanisms and consequences of diverse postzygotic barriers between monkeyflower species.

The evolution of genomic incompatibilities causing postzygotic barriers to hybridization is a key step in species divergence. Incompatibilities take 2 general forms-structural divergence between chromosomes leading to severe hybrid sterility in F1 hybrids and epistatic interactions between genes causing reduced fitness of hybrid gametes or zygotes (Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities). Despite substantial recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary origins of both types of incompatibility, how each behaves across multiple generations of hybridization remains relatively unexplored.

Optimizing the Transition and Transfer of Care in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Health care transition from pediatric to adult care has been identified as a priority in the field of medicine, especially for those with chronic illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although there is no universally accepted model of preparing the pediatric patient for transfer to adult care, transition care is best accomplished in a structured and consistent manner. The authors highlight concepts for optimizing the transition of care for patients with IBD, which include setting expectations throughout adolescence with the gradual nurturing of self-management skills, preparing and assessing of readiness for transfer, and enacting a successful transfer to adult care.

Single-cell temporal dynamics reveals the relative contributions of transcription and degradation to cell-type specific gene expression in zebrafish embryos.

During embryonic development, pluripotent cells assume specialized identities by adopting particular gene expression profiles. However, systematically dissecting the underlying regulation of mRNA transcription and degradation remains a challenge, especially within whole embryos with diverse cellular identities. Here, we collect temporal cellular transcriptomes of zebrafish embryos, and decompose them into their newly-transcribed (zygotic) and pre-existing (maternal) mRNA components by combining single-cell RNA-Seq and metabolic labeling.

RNA degradation eliminates developmental transcripts during murine embryonic stem cell differentiation via CAPRIN1-XRN2.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are self-renewing and pluripotent. In recent years, factors that control pluripotency, mostly nuclear, have been identified. To identify non-nuclear regulators of ESCs, we screened an endogenously labeled fluorescent fusion-protein library in mouse ESCs.

Infusion Appointment Self-Management Among Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Objective: Adolescents and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are in vulnerable positions for lapses in care as they transition from pediatric to adult practices. As biologic agents become a mainstay of treatment for these patients, it is important to ensure that responsibility for tasks related to scheduling, remembering, and transporting to infusion appointments for intravenous biologics are mastered prior to transition. This ensures preservation of therapy and disease control.

Supergene potential of a selfish centromere.

Selfishly evolving centromeres bias their transmission by exploiting the asymmetry of female meiosis and preferentially segregating to the egg. Such female meiotic drive systems have the potential to be supergenes, with multiple linked loci contributing to drive costs or enhancement. Here, we explore the supergene potential of a selfish centromere () in , which was discovered in the Iron Mountain (IM) Oregon population.

Population genomic consequences of life-history and mating system adaptation to a geothermal soil mosaic in yellow monkeyflowers.

Local selection can promote phenotypic divergence despite gene flow across habitat mosaics, but adaptation itself may generate substantial barriers to genetic exchange. In plants, life-history, phenology, and mating system divergence have been proposed to promote genetic differentiation in sympatry. In this study, we investigate phenotypic and genetic variation in Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflowers) across a geothermal soil mosaic in Yellowstone National Park (YNP).

Contrasting Social Media Use Between Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Type 1 Diabetes: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Social media is used by young adult patients for social connection and self-identification.

Objective: This study aims to compare the social media habits of young adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of subjects from Boston Children's Hospital outpatient IBD and diabetes clinics.

Side Plank Pose Exercises for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients-Some Concerns About a Randomized Controlled Trial.

In their recent article, Side Plank Pose Exercises for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients, Sarkisova, et. al. found no beneficial effect using the simple poses that Drs.

Quantitative trait locus mapping reveals an independent genetic basis for joint divergence in leaf function, life-history, and floral traits between scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis) populations.

Premise: Across taxa, vegetative and floral traits that vary along a fast-slow life-history axis are often correlated with leaf functional traits arrayed along the leaf economics spectrum, suggesting a constrained set of adaptive trait combinations. Such broad-scale convergence may arise from genetic constraints imposed by pleiotropy (or tight linkage) within species, or from natural selection alone. Understanding the genetic basis of trait syndromes and their components is key to distinguishing these alternatives and predicting evolution in novel environments.

Yoga and Bone Health.

Osteoporosis is a public health problem affecting individuals globally. Yoga has been found to prevent and reverse bone loss. Yoga may result in better balance, improved posture, and greater range of motion, strength, and coordination, all factors that also mitigate the risk of falls and fractures.

Selfish chromosomal drive shapes recent centromeric histone evolution in monkeyflowers.

Centromeres are essential mediators of chromosomal segregation, but both centromeric DNA sequences and associated kinetochore proteins are paradoxically diverse across species. The selfish centromere model explains rapid evolution by both components via an arms-race scenario: centromeric DNA variants drive by distorting chromosomal transmission in female meiosis and attendant fitness costs select on interacting proteins to restore Mendelian inheritance. Although it is clear than centromeres can drive and that drive often carries costs, female meiotic drive has not been directly linked to selection on kinetochore proteins in any natural system.

Validation of the RAISE (Readiness Assessment of Independence for Specialty Encounters) Tool: Provider-Based Transition Evaluation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish content validity of a developmentally based assessment tool of readiness for medical independence for specialty providers.

Design And Methods: The validation process used expert panel evaluation to assess the items believed to measure the desired content in the nine age-based scales within the RAISE (Readiness Assessment of Independence for Specialty Encounters) tool. Experts in child development and transition rated items on relevance, clarity and developmental appropriateness via electronic survey.

Isometric Yoga-Like Maneuvers Improve Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis-A Nonrandomized Control Trial.

Objective: Assess therapeutic value of specific yoga poses for thoracic and lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) taught in office or Internet.

Study Design: Nonrandomized control trial: Fifty-six adolescents (mean age 14.0 years; mean Risser 3.

Ancient and recent introgression shape the evolutionary history of pollinator adaptation and speciation in a model monkeyflower radiation (Mimulus section Erythranthe).

Inferences about past processes of adaptation and speciation require a gene-scale and genome-wide understanding of the evolutionary history of diverging taxa. In this study, we use genome-wide capture of nuclear gene sequences, plus skimming of organellar sequences, to investigate the phylogenomics of monkeyflowers in Mimulus section Erythranthe (27 accessions from seven species). Taxa within Erythranthe, particularly the parapatric and putatively sister species M.

Paternal Uniparental Disomy of the Entire Chromosome 20 in a Child with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome.

Epigenetic alterations at imprinted genes on different chromosomes have been linked to several imprinting disorders (IDs) such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b (PHP1b). Here, we present a male patient with these two distinct IDs caused by two independent mechanisms-loss of methylation (LOM) at chromosome 11p15.5 associated with multi-locus imprinting disturbances (MLID and paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 20 (patUPD20).

Predicting evolutionary change at the DNA level in a natural Mimulus population.

Evolution by natural selection occurs when the frequencies of genetic variants change because individuals differ in Darwinian fitness components such as survival or reproductive success. Differential fitness has been demonstrated in field studies of many organisms, but it remains unclear how well we can quantitatively predict allele frequency changes from fitness measurements. Here, we characterize natural selection on millions of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome of the annual plant Mimulus guttatus.

Safety Protocols for Adolescent Substance Use Research in Clinical Settings.

Purpose: Research involving adolescent risk behaviors must balance data confidentiality with participant safety when risky behaviors are revealed. This report details a safety protocol and reports the experience of two contemporaneous studies that used it with variant safety thresholds.

Methods: We developed a safety protocol for research with adolescent patients and used it in two concurrent studies of adolescent patients, aged 14-18 years.

Perceived effect of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases on academics, college planning, and college adjustment.

To examine the relationship between perceived effect of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) on high school academics and college planning on college adjustment. Participants (N = 97) were college students with IBD. Participants completed an online survey including the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire and study-developed questions assessing the perceived impact of their diagnosis on their high school academics and college planning.

Standard Deviations: The Biological Bases of Transmission Ratio Distortion.

The rule of Mendelian inheritance is remarkably robust, but deviations from the equal transmission of alternative alleles at a locus [a.k.a.