Magnetically and optically active edges in phosphorene nanoribbons.

Nanoribbons, nanometre-wide strips of a two-dimensional material, are a unique system in condensed matter. They combine the exotic electronic structures of low-dimensional materials with an enhanced number of exposed edges, where phenomena including ultralong spin coherence times, quantum confinement and topologically protected states can emerge. An exciting prospect for this material concept is the potential for both a tunable semiconducting electronic structure and magnetism along the nanoribbon edge, a key property for spin-based electronics such as (low-energy) non-volatile transistors.

TBK1 and IKKε prevent premature cell death by limiting the activity of both RIPK1 and NLRP3 death pathways.

The loss of TBK1, or both TBK1 and the related kinase IKKε, results in uncontrolled cell death-driven inflammation. Here, we show that the pathway leading to cell death depends on the nature of the activating signal. Previous models suggest that in steady state, TBK1/IKKε-deficient cells die slowly and spontaneously predominantly by uncontrolled tumor necrosis factor-RIPK1-driven death.

Sociocultural determinants of health-associated quality of life among Afghan refugees in Pakistan: evidence from a multi-stage cross-sectional study.

Background: In the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of refugees worldwide. Every individual deserves access to the fundamental right to health, and migration can have a substantial beneficial or detrimental effect on one's health. Foreign invasions and political instability in Afghanistan affected neighboring countries with the large influx of refugees.

Controlled catalyst-transfer polymerization in graphene nanoribbon synthesis.

Exercising direct control over the unusual electronic structures arising from quantum confinement effects in graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is intimately linked to geometric boundary conditions imposed by the structure of the ribbon. Besides composition and position of substitutional dopant atoms, the symmetry of the unit cell, width, length, and termination of a GNR govern its electronic structure. Here, we present a rational design that integrates each of these interdependent variables within a modular bottom-up synthesis.

Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization under Confinement.

The cationic molybdenum alkylidyne -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex [Mo(C--OMeCH)(OCMe(CF)) (IMes)][B(Ar] (IMes = 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene) was selectively immobilized inside the pores of ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) with pore diameters of 66, 56, and 28 Å and used in the ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) of cyclic olefins to yield cyclic polymers. A strong confinement effect was observed for -cyclooctene (COE), 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD), (+)-2,3--dicarbomethoxynorborn-5-ene ((+)-DCMNBE), and 2-methyl-2-phenylcycloprop-1-ene (MPCP), allowing for the synthesis of low-molecular-weight cyclic polymers even at a high monomer concentration. The exclusive formation of cyclic polymers was demonstrated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.

On opportunities and challenges of large multimodal foundation models in education.

Recently, the option to use large language models as a middleware connecting various AI tools and other large language models led to the development of so-called large multimodal foundation models, which have the power to process spoken text, music, images and videos. In this overview, we explain a new set of opportunities and challenges that arise from the integration of large multimodal foundation models in education.

Community health needs assessment: findings from a community-university partnership strengthening program on maternal and child health in Pakistan.

Background: Pakistan has been progressing at a slow pace in enhancing maternal and child health (MCH) indicators, experiencing some of the poorest pregnancy outcomes globally. In response to the challenges faced at the community level in MCH, a community health needs assessment (CHNA) was undertaken through a community-university partnership project. The aim of this CHNA was to understand the MCH needs and associated social determinants within the specific local context of the community.

Prevalence of cell phone use while driving in different urban settings. A roadside observational study in maputo city, Mozambique.

Introduction: All forms of cell phone use while driving poses a threat to traffic safety. Few studies have reported the prevalence from low- and middle-income countries where the risk of severe road traffic crashes is highest. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of cell phone use among motor vehicle drivers in Maputo city, Mozambique, considering different types of vehicles and cell phone use.

Comprehensive survey of kombucha microbial communities of diverse origins and fermentation practices.

Kombucha is a unique, naturally fermented sweetened tea produced for thousands of years, relying on a symbiotic microbiota in a floating biofilm, used for successive fermentations. The microbial communities consist of yeast and bacteria species, distributed across two phases: the liquid and the biofilm fractions. In the fermentation of kombucha, various starters of different shapes and origins are used, and there are multiple brewing practices.

Microtubule inhibition as a proposed mechanism for the anthelmintic effect of phytochemicals isolated from Cicerbita alpina.

The alpine plant Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr., when grown as a sprout, is known as a bitter-tasting culinary delicacy.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of occupational accidents among beneficiaries of the Unified Health System in Brazil: an interrupted time series study.

The scope of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of occupational accidents among beneficiaries of the Unified Health System in Brazil. It was an interrupted time series study, using data on occupational accidents registered by the Unified Health System from 2015 to 2020. The analysis used the Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression model.

A health economic evaluation of the multinational, randomized controlled CONVINCE trial: cost-utility of high-dose online hemodiafiltration compared to high-flux hemodialysis.

High-flux hemodialysis (HD) and high-dose hemodiafiltration (HDF) are established treatments for patients with kidney failure. Since HDF has been associated with improved survival rates compared to HD, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of HDF compared to HD. Cost-utility analyses were performed from a societal perspective alongside the multinational randomized controlled CONVINCE trial.

Shewanella oneidensis and Methanosarcina barkerii augmentation and conductive material effects on long-term anaerobic digestion performance.

This study explores the use of conductive material in scaling up anaerobic digestion for enhanced biogas production. Focusing on Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer (DIET), the research employs a syntrophic DIET-able consortium formed by Shewanella oneidensis and Methanosarcina barkerii in 3.8-L experiments utilizing reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) as conductive material.

Alteration of gel point of poloxamer 338 induced by pharmaceutical actives and excipients.

Poloxamer 338 is used as versatile thermo-responsive gelling agent in topical and sub-cutaneous applications. Due to application specific needs a gel point below body or even below room temperature is required. The influence of inorganic salts and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) on the gel point was investigated using oscillatory rheology to identify the driving forces and predictors for gel point alteration.

A Multinational Comparison Study of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety, Depression, and Anger Item Bank in the General Population.

Objectives: This study aimed to compared Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety, depression, and anger item bank among Korean, US and Dutch general population.

Methods: Between December 2021 and January 2022, we surveyed representative Korean participants (N = 2699). Then we compared the mean T-scores of PROMIS anxiety, depression, and anger full items bank among Korean, US (N = 1696) and the Dutch (N = 1002) populations.

The fruit fly as a screening model for antiseizure medications.

Objective: Resistance to antiseizure medications (ASMs) is a major challenge in the treatment of patients with epilepsy. Despite numerous newly marketed ASMs, the proportion of drug-resistant people with epilepsy has not significantly decreased over the years. Therefore, novel and innovative seizure models for preclinical drug screening are highly desirable.

Food Choices of Contemporary Cuisine and Traditional Foods: Effects on Family Ties.

Technological advancement has evolved dynamics in the pace of day-to-day life. Economic and social development has introduced new meanings at individual and societal levels. Modernity and development have transformed the social fabric and relationships.

[Digital public health in Germany: status quo, challenges, and future perspectives : A position paper of the Digital Public Health Section of the German Public Health Association].

This position paper from the Digital Public Health Section of the German Public Health Association defines digital public health (DiPH) and describes its goals and potential. It also addresses the current situation and challenges as well as the need for action in Germany. The focus here is on the presentation of the nationwide promotion of (digital) health literacy; the application of DiPH in prevention, health promotion, and healthcare; the use of innovative preventive strategies for the prevention of non-communicable diseases; and the teaching of DiPH in academic public health programs.

Mathematical model of the Alzheimer's disease biomarker cascade demonstrates statistical pitfall in identifying surrogates of cognitive reserve.

Statistical interaction analyses with biomarkers of pathology on cognitive outcome have been put forward to investigate neurobiological surrogates of cognitive reserve in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, as these potential surrogates are likely affected by neurodegeneration during the course of AD, their joint alteration with biomarkers of pathology and cognitive outcome during disease progression may introduce misinterpretable interaction effects in cross-sectional studies. To demonstrate this, we conducted interaction analyses on synthetic data from a mathematical model of the AD biomarker cascade.

Work accident or accident at work?

This article discusses the differences between the terms "acidente do trabalho" (ie work accident) and "acidente de trabalho" (ie accident at work) on the basis of grammatical and semantic considerations. The syntactic-semantic distinctions of these expressions and the sociological implications of these terms are considered as well as their applicability in the national context of labor and social security legislation and the perspective adopted by international organizations.