Safety and efficacy of tamoxifen in non-ambulant patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial (TAMDMD Group B).

Most patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are non-ambulant. Preserving proximal motor function is crucial, rarely studied. Tamoxifen, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, reduced signs of muscular pathology in a DMD mouse model.

Distinct subcellular localization of tau and alpha-synuclein in lewy body disease.

Lewy bodies and neurofibrillary tangles, composed of α-synuclein (α-syn) and tau, respectively, often are found together in the same brain and correlate with worsening cognition. Human postmortem studies show colocalization of α-syn and tau occurs in Lewy bodies, but with limited effort to quantify colocalization. In this study, postmortem middle temporal gyrus tissue from decedents (n = 9) without temporal lobe disease (control) or with Lewy body disease (LBD) was immunofluorescently labeled with antibodies to phosphorylated α-syn (p-α-syn), tau phosphorylated at Ser202/Thr205 (p-tau), or exposure of tau's phosphatase-activating domain (PAD-tau) as a marker of early tau aggregates.

Direct detection of phycocyanin in sediments by hyperspectral imaging.

Unlabelled: Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous aquatic organisms with a remarkable evolutionary history reaching as far as 1.9 Ga. They play a vital role in ecosystems yet also raise concerns due to their association with harmful algal blooms.

FOGS: A SNPSTR Marker Database to Combat Wildlife Trafficking and a Cell Culture Bank for Ex-Situ Conservation.

Illegal wildlife trade is a growing problem internationally. Poaching of animals not only leads to the extinction of populations and species but also has serious consequences for ecosystems and economies. This study introduces a molecular marker system that authorities can use to detect and substantiate wildlife trafficking.

Development of Ni-ZnO-ACE-2 peptide hybrids as electrochemical devices for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection.

Owing to fast SARS-CoV-2 mutations, biosensors employing antibodies as biorecognition elements have presented problems with sensitivity and accuracy. To face these challenges, antibodies can be replaced with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), where it has been shown that the affinity between ACE-2 and the receptor binding domain (RBD) increases with the emergence of new variants. Herein, we report on Ni-doped ZnO nanorod electrochemical biosensors employing an ACE-2 peptide (IEEQAKTFLDKFNHEAEDLFYQS-NH) as a biorecognition element for detecting Spike (S) Wild-Type (WT) protein.

A creatine efflux transporter in oligodendrocytes.

Creatine is essential for ATP regeneration in energy-demanding cells. Creatine deficiency results in severe neurodevelopmental impairments. In the brain, creatine is synthesized locally by oligodendrocytes to supply neighboring neurons.

Spinal cord gray matter atrophy is associated with disability in spinal muscular atrophy.

Background: With the approval of disease-modifying treatments for 5q-spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), there is an increasing need for biomarkers for disease course and therapeutic response monitoring. Radially sampled Averaged Magnetization Inversion Recovery Acquisitions (rAMIRA) MR-imaging enables spinal cord (SC) gray matter (GM) delineation and quantification in vivo. This study aims to assess SC GM atrophy in patients with 5q-SMA and its associations with clinical disability.

PEG-PLGA nanoparticles deposited in and .

In our prior research, polymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing tobramycin displayed robust antibacterial efficacy against biofilm-embedded () and (. ) cells, critical pathogens in cystic fibrosis. In the current study, we investigated the deposition of a nanoparticulate carrier composed of poly(d,l-lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(ethylene glycol)--PLGA (PEG-PLGA) that was either covalently bonded with cyanine-5-amine (Cy5) or noncovalently bound with freely embedded cationic rhodamine B (RhB), which served as a drug surrogate.

Exhaled breath metabolites reveal postmenopausal gut-bone cross-talk and non-invasive markers for osteoporosis.

Background: Menopause driven decline in estrogen exposes women to risk of osteoporosis. Detection of early onset and silent progression are keys to prevent fractures and associated burdens.

Methods: In a discovery cohort of 120 postmenopausal women, we combined repeated quantitative pulse-echo ultrasonography of bone, assessment of grip strength and serum bone markers with mass-spectrometric analysis of exhaled metabolites to find breath volatile markers and quantitative cutoff levels for osteoporosis.

Incorporating the concept of overtransfusion into hemovigilance monitoring: An expert-based definition and criteria from the International HIT-OVER Forum.

Background: Liberal or overtransfusion (OT) may be regarded as "inappropriate," but it is not reported as a transfusion-related adverse event. A definition of OT is lacking. OT may include overdosing of components, giving the incorrect component, or unnecessary administration without evidence of need for transfusion.

Anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal systemic hypersensitivity reaction with varied mechanisms and clinical presentations. Although prompt recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis are imperative, both patients and healthcare professionals often fail to recognize and diagnose its early signs. Clinical manifestations vary widely, however, the most common signs are cutaneous symptoms, including urticaria and angioedema.

Drug repurposing screen for the rare disease ataxia-telangiectasia.

Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by a variety of symptoms, including progressive neurodegeneration, telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, and an increased susceptibility to cancer. It is caused by bi-allelic mutations impacting a gene encoding a serine/threonine kinase ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated), which plays a crucial role in DNA repair and maintenance of genomic stability. The disorder primarily affects the nervous system, leading to a range of neurological issues, including cerebellar ataxia.

Pharmacological Complications in Ocular Dermatology: A Review and Update.

Many dermatologic medications have the potential to induce ocular complications. Traditional medications, including corticosteroids, retinoids, antibiotics, antihistamines, and immunosuppressants, have been associated with eye dryness, irritation, allergy, infection, atrophy, pigmentary changes, increased intraocular pressure, and impaired vision. Novel therapeutic agents such as biologics raise new concerns for ocular surface disease and conjunctivitis.

Atomistic Origins of Conductance Switching in an ε-CuVO Neuromorphic Single Crystal Oscillator.

Building artificial neurons and synapses is key to achieving the promise of energy efficiency and acceleration envisioned for brain-inspired information processing. Emulating the spiking behavior of biological neurons in physical materials requires precise programming of conductance nonlinearities. Strong correlated solid-state compounds exhibit pronounced nonlinearities such as metal-insulator transitions arising from dynamic electron-electron and electron-lattice interactions.

Interphase formation fluoride-ion insertion in tunnel-structured transition metal antimonites.

Fluoridating reagents are used to model interfacial reactions in fluoride-ion batteries. Topochemical F-ion insertion is seen for one-dimensional (1D) tunnel-structured FeSbO but interphase formation comprising antimony (oxy)fluorides is observed for MnSbO.

Circulation of West Nile virus and Usutu virus in birds in Germany, 2021 and 2022.

Background: Usutu virus (USUV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are zoonotic arthropod-borne orthoflaviviruses. The enzootic transmission cycles of both include mosquitoes as vectors and birds as amplifying hosts. For more than 10 years, these viruses have been monitored in birds in Germany by a multidisciplinary network.

Peri-Interventional Hemodynamic Management Strategies for Percutaneous Chemosaturation of the Liver in Metastatic Cancer.

Hepatic chemosaturation for inoperable liver tumors is a palliative treatment option with a beneficial effect on survival. However, the procedure regularly leads to circulatory failure during the filtration phase, and hemodynamic management is challenging. Our study aimed to compare two different strategies for hemodynamic management during chemosaturation to develop hypotheses for improving patient care and reducing peri-interventional morbidity.

Hyperspectral Imaging for Microcirculatory Assessment of Patients undergoing Transcatheter and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement-a Prospective Observational Pilot Study.

This prospective, observational study evaluated Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) to assess the effects of cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on microcirculation. 40 Patients with severe aortic stenosis were enrolled. 20 patients underwent transapical/transaxillary/transaortic aortic valve replacement (TAVR), 20 underwent an open surgical approach with CPB (SAVR).

Toward the bioleaching of bauxite residue by Gluconobacter oxydans.

Aim: This project evaluated a biologically mediated strategy to solubilize several rare earth elements and critical raw materials, including scandium, from bauxite residue. This work seeks to expand on previous research on contact leaching with bauxite.

Methods And Results: In this study, Gluconobacter oxydans was shown to secrete mixed organic acids, including gluconic acid, which was superior to pure gluconic acid in the dissolution of bauxite residue, even at low molarities.