Evaluation of target volume and dose accuracy in intrafractional cases of lung cancer based on 4D-CT and 4D-CBCT images using an in-house dynamic thorax phantom.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the target volume and dose accuracy in intrafraction cases using 4-dimensional imaging modalities and an in-house dynamic thorax phantom. Intrafraction motion can create errors in the definition of target volumes, which can significantly affect the accuracy of radiation delivery. Motion management using 4-dimensional modalities is required to reduce the risk.