Green synthesis, characterization, morphological diversity, and colorectal cancer cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles.

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) green methods is advantageous due to their economic viability, reduced environmental pollution, and safety towards human health. According to our best knowledge, there is limited documented research on synthesizing AuNPs using gum Arabic (GA) and cinnamon (CNM) and studying their anticancer activities against colorectal cancer cells. This study presents a simple approach to synthesizing AuNPs using GA and CNM, characterized by advanced analytical techniques, including UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopies, SEM, EDS, TEM, SAED, Zeta sizer, and Zeta potential.

Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 2-oxo-3-phenylquinoxaline derivatives and related compounds against colon cancer.

We have designed 17 new 2-oxo-3-phenylquinoxalines the chemoselective Michael reaction of 3-phenylquinoxalin-2(1)-one with acrylic acid derivatives. The ester, ethyl 3-(2-oxo-3-phenylquinoxalin-1(2)-yl)propanoate, was reacted with hydroxylamine and hydrazine to produce -hydroxy-3-(2-oxo-3-phenylquinoxalin-1(2)-yl)propanamide and hydrazide, respectively. Further modifications were made through reactions with isothiocyanates and azide coupling with amines, yielding thiosemicarbazides and -alkyl derivatives.

Association of precipitation extremes and crops production and projecting future extremes using machine learning approaches with CMIP6 data.

Precipitation extremes have surged in frequency and duration in recent decades, significantly impacting various sectors, including agriculture, water resources, energy, and public health worldwide. Pakistan, being highly susceptible to climate change and extremes, has experienced adverse events in recent times, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive investigation into the relationship between precipitation extremes and crops production. This study focuses on assessing the association between precipitation extremes on crops production, with a particular emphasis on the Punjab province, a crucial region for the country's food production.

Electrospun Cu-Co ferrite nanofibers: synthesis, structure, optical and magnetic properties, and anti-cancer activity.

In this study, we investigated Cu-Co ferrite nanofibers (NFs) that were synthesized for the first time employing the electrospinning technique. The structure, phase purity and crystallite size of all the prepared NFs were revealed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. The NFs crystallized in the 3̄ (no.

Progress and Perspectives in Colon Cancer Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatments.

Worldwide, colon cancer is the third most frequent malignancy and the second most common cause of death. Although it can strike anybody at any age, colon cancer mostly affects the elderly. Small, non-cancerous cell clusters inside the colon, commonly known as polyps, are typically where colon cancer growth starts.

Pr Ion-Substituted Ni-Co Nano-Spinel Ferrites: Their Synthesis, Characterization, and Biocompatibility for Colorectal Cancer and Candidaemia.

Nanotherapeutics have attracted tremendous research interest in the modern pharmaceutical and biomedical industries due to their potential for drug development, targeted delivery, and therapeutic applications. Therefore, the current study underpins the synthesis of praseodymium ion (Pr)-substituted NiCoFeO nano-spinel ferrites, (CoNiPrFeO (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.

Nano-sized warriors: zinc chromium vanadate nanoparticles as a dual solution for eradicating waterborne enterobacteriaceae and fighting cancer.

The revolution of biomedical applications has opened new avenues for nanotechnology. Zinc Chromium vanadate nanoparticles (VCrZnO4 NPs) have emerged as an up-and-coming candidate, with their exceptional physical and chemical properties setting them apart. In this study, a one-pot solvothermal method was employed to synthesize VCrZnO4 NPs, followed by a comprehensive structural and morphological analysis using a variety of techniques, including X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Anticancer Activity of Au/CNT Nanocomposite Fabricated by Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Ablation Method on Colon and Cervical Cancer.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are increasingly being investigated for cancer management due to their physicochemical properties, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. This study used an eco-friendly technique (laser synthesis) to fabricate AuNP and Au/CNT nanocomposites. AuNPs, Au/CNTs, and CNTs were tested as potential cancer nanotherapeutics on colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Nanotechnology in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.

Traditional cancer diagnosis has been aided by the application of nanoparticles (NPs), which have made the process easier and faster. NPs possess exceptional properties such as a larger surface area, higher volume proportion, and better targeting capabilities. Additionally, their low toxic effect on healthy cells enhances their bioavailability and -half by allowing them to functionally penetrate the fenestration of epithelium and tissues.

Comparative Anticancer Potentials of Taxifolin and Quercetin Methylated Derivatives against HCT-116 Cell Lines: Effects of -Methylation on Taxifolin and Quercetin as Preliminary Natural Leads.

Six flavonoids present in , i.e., 7,3'-di--methyltaxifolin (), 3'--methyltaxifolin (), 7--methyltaxifolin (), taxifolin (), 3--methylquercetin (), and quercetin (), were tested for their anticancer activities.

In Vitro Antimicrobial and Anticancer Peculiarities of Ytterbium and Cerium Co-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are a promising platform for their use in biomedical research, especially given their anticancer and antimicrobial activities. This work presents the synthesis of ZnO NPs doped with different amounts of rare-earth ions of ytterbium (Yb) and cerium (Ce) and the assessment of their anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The structural investigations indicated a hexagonal wurtzite structure for all prepared NPs.

Modelling the impact of climate change on dengue outbreaks and future spatiotemporal shift in Pakistan.

Climate change has a significant impact on the intensity and spread of dengue outbreaks. The objective of this study is to assess the number of dengue transmission suitable days (DTSD) in Pakistan for the baseline (1976-2005) and future (2006-2035, 2041-2070, and 2071-2099) periods under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.

In Vitro, Molecular Docking and In Silico ADME/Tox Studies of Emodin and Chrysophanol against Human Colorectal and Cervical Carcinoma.

Anthraquinones (AQs) are present in foods, dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals, and traditional treatments and have a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. In the search for anti-cancer drugs, AQ derivatives are an important class. In this study, anthraquinone aglycons chrysophanol (Chr), emodin (EM) and FDA-approved anticancer drug fluorouracil were analyzed by molecular docking studies against receptor molecules caspase-3, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, TRAF2 and NCK-interacting protein kinase (TNIK) and cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CDK2) as novel candidates for future anticancer therapeutic development.

Therapeutic Intervention for Various Hospital Setting Strains of Biofilm Forming with Multiple Drug Resistance Mutations Using Nanomaterial Ag-Silicalite-1 Zeolite.

(), an emerging multidrug-resistant microorganism, with limited therapeutical options, is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. The current study includes 19 strains collected from King Fahd Hospital of the University and King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Dammam, identified by gene and region sequencing. Drug-resistance-associated mutations in genes were screened to gain insight into the pattern of drug resistance.

Trio-Drug Combination of Sodium Valproate, Baclofen and Thymoquinone Exhibits Synergistic Anticonvulsant Effects in Rats and Neuro-Protective Effects in HEK-293 Cells.

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder, with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) providing relief from hyper-excitability of neurons, but largely failing to restrain neurodegeneration. We investigated a progressive preclinical trial in rats, whereby the test drugs; sodium valproate (SVP; 150 and 300 mg/kg), baclofen (BFN; 5 and 10 mg/kg), and thymoquinone (THQ; 40 and 80 mg/kg) were administered (i.p, once/day for 15 days) alone, and as low dose combinations, and subsequently tested for antiseizure and neuroprotective potential using electrical stimulation of neurons by Maximal electroshock (MES).

Synthesis of M-AgPO, (M = Se, Ag, Ta) Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Study.

Silver Phosphate, Ag3PO4, being a highly capable clinical molecule, an ultrasonic method was employed to synthesize the M-Ag3PO4, (M = Se, Ag, Ta) nanoparticles which were evaluated for antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities post-characterization. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used for antibacterial testing and the effects of sonication on bacterial growth with sub-MIC values of M-Ag3PO4 nanoparticles were examined. The effect of M-Ag3PO4 nanoparticles on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa cells) was examined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay and DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining.

Convenient Synthesis of -Alkyl-2-(3-phenyl-quinoxalin-2-ylsulfanyl)acetamides and Methyl-2-[2-(3-phenyl-quinoxalin-2-ylsulfanyl)acetylamino]alkanoates.

A series of 27 new quinoxaline derivatives (-alkyl-[2-(3-phenyl-quinoxalin-2-ylsulfanyl)]acetamides, methyl-2-[2-(3-phenylquinoxalin-2-ylsulfanyl)-acetylamino]alkanoates, and their corresponding dipeptides) were prepared from 3-phenylquinoxaline-2(1)-thione based on the chemoselective reaction with soft electrophiles. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to study the efficacy of 27 compounds on cancer cell viability and proliferation. A total of 13 compounds (-, , , , , , , , , , and ) showed inhibitory action on HCT-116 cancer cells and 15 compounds (-, , , , , , , , , , , , and ) showed activity on MCF-7 cancer cells, with compound exhibiting the highest inhibitory action (IC 1.

Water availability and response of Tarbela Reservoir under the changing climate in the Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan.

Agriculture is one of the major contributors to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan which relies on the availability of water. Hydropower contributes approximately 35% to the national electricity gid of Pakistan. Indus River is the main river of the Indus River System (IRS) which provides water for agriculture, hydropower and other purposes.

Biocompatibility and colorectal anti-cancer activity study of nanosized BaTiO coated spinel ferrites.

In the present work, different nanoparticles spinel ferrite series (MFeO, CoMFeO; M = Co, Mn, Ni, Mg, Cu, or Zn) have been obtained via sonochemical approach. Then, sol-gel method was employed to design core-shell magnetoelectric nanocomposites by coating these nanoparticles with BaTiO (BTO). The structure and morphology of the prepared samples were examined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), and zeta potential.

Climate change and spatio-temporal trend analysis of climate extremes in the homogeneous climatic zones of Pakistan during 1962-2019.

Climate extremes, such as heat waves, droughts, extreme rainfall can lead to harvest failures, flooding and consequently threaten the food security worldwide. Improving our understanding about climate extremes can mitigate the worst impacts of climate change and extremes. The objective here is to investigate the changes in climate and climate extremes by considering two time slices (i.

Template-free preparation of iron oxide loaded hollow silica spheres and their anticancer proliferation capabilities.

Hollow silica spheres (HSS) exhibited high-specific surface area, low toxicity, low density, and good biocompatibility. The effectivity of HSS material can be improved further by loading nanoparticles for smart biological applications. In this work, magnetic nanoparticle (iron oxide; FeO)-loaded pure HSS (c-HSS-Fe) were synthesized successfully using a template-free chemical route and investigated for their anticancer cell proliferation capabilities against cancerous cell lines: human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116).

Biological databases and tools for neurological disorders.

Computational approach to study of neuronal impairment is rapidly evolving, as experiments and intuition alone could not explain the complexity of brain system. The increase in an overwhelming amount of new data from both theory and computational modeling necessitate the development of databases and tools for analysis, visualization, and interpretation of neuroscience data. To ensure the sustainability of this development, consistent update and training of young professionals are imperative.

Emerging trends in the application of gold nanoformulations in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most aggressive types of cancer with about two million new cases and one million deaths in 2020. The side effects of the available chemotherapies and the possibility of developing resistance against treatment highlight the importance of developing new therapeutic options. The development in the field of nanotechnology have introduced the application of nanoparticles (NPs) as a promising approach in the diagnosis and treatments of colorectal cancer and other types of cancer.

Combinatorial Regimen of Carbamazepine and Imipramine Exhibits Synergism against Grandmal Epilepsy in Rats: Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

Epilepsy is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes recurring seizures. Thirty-five percent of patients remain refractory, with a higher prevalence of depression. We investigated the anticonvulsant efficacy of carbamazepine (CBZ; 20 and 50 mg/kg), imipramine (IMI; 10 and 20 mg/kg) alone, and as a low dose combination.