The Validity and Reliability Study of TONI-3 Test for 4-17 Aged Children.

Introduction: Since there are not enough scales to evaluate the cognitive performance of adolescents in Türkiye, the aim of this study is to conduct a reliability and validity study of the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-3 (TONI-3) for individuals aged between 14 and 17.

Methods: A total of 566 children between the ages of 14-17 were included in the study. A form of TONI-3 test was administered to all participants.

Long-Term Effects of Different Number of Botulinum Toxin Injections Into the Gastrocnemius Muscle on Function and Muscle Morphology in Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Background: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections are used to reduce spasticity, and sometimes repeated injections are required. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the number of BoNT injections into the gastrocnemius muscle on function, muscle morphology, muscle stiffness, and muscle vascularization in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: The study included 22 children with spastic-type CP aged five to 13 years who had previously received one, two, or three BoNT injections into the gastrocnemius muscle.

The Effects of Foam Rolling at Different Speeds on Mechanical Properties of Quadriceps Femoris.

Foam rolling have gained popularity among elite athletes, but the effect of the speed parameter of foam rolling has not yet been determined. Our objective was to investigate the impact of different application speeds of foam roller on the mechanical properties of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Eighteen male professional basketball athletes (age 23 ± 4 years, body mass index 24.

A Novel Method to Measure Dual-Task Capacity in Young Football Players: A Preliminary Study.

Context: When deciding to return to sport, in the literature, evaluations based on physical abilities have usually been used. However, in the current literature, we have been urged to use more than physical performance evaluations. Classical dual-task testing methods do not simulate in-game loads and cannot sufficiently measure football players' dual-task capacity.

Reliability and validity of new isokinetic strength assessment for rotator cuff muscles in a muscle architecture-based position.

Background/aim: Isokinetic strength assessment of the rotator cuff muscle is frequently applied in a variety of shoulder postures, but none of these consider muscular architecture, which is one of the most important aspects of improving strength development. This study aimed to examine the test and retest reliability and validity of the muscle architecture-based position (MABP), which is 25° abduction and 20° external rotation, in healthy subjects to be able to select a better isokinetic assessment position for shoulder rotator cuff muscles.

Materials And Methods: A total of 54 healthy males with a mean age of 21.

Bimanual ability for brachial plexus birth injury: a validity and reliability study of the ABILHAND-Kids.

Purpose: ABILHAND-Kids is a structured parent report that assesses manual ability in activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy, and also brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI). This study investigated the validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the ABILHAND-Kids in children with BPBI.

Materials And Methods: The ABILHAND-Kids was administered to parents of 119 children with BPBI between 6 and 15 years for validity and internal consistency, also 92 parents were re-interviewed after two weeks to establish test-retest reliability.

Neuroprotective effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) polysaccharides on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized rats: behavioral and biochemical evidence.

Aim: To assess the protective effects of goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) polysaccharides (LBP) on depression-like behavior in ovariectomized rats and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects.

Methods: One hundred female Wistar albino rats (three months old) were randomly assigned either to ovariectomy (n=50) or sham surgery (n=50).

The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied at different muscle lengths on muscle architecture and sarcomere morphology in rats.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is often used to increase muscle strength and functionality. Muscle architecture is important for the skeletal muscle functionality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NMES applied at different muscle lengths on skeletal muscle architecture.

Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on human sperm function.

Introduction: Sperm motility is a crucial factor in male infertility and it depends on mitochondrial tail movements. Photobiomodulation light therapy allows the cells to produce their energy through activation of the mitochondria. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of photobiomodulation on sperm motility in astenozoospermic individuals.

Effect of intramuscular fat in the thigh muscles on muscle architecture and physical performance in the middle-aged women with knee osteoarthritis.

Background: We investigated intramuscular fat (IMF) in quadriceps femoris (QF) and hamstring muscles in the middle-aged women with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). We also examined the relationship between muscular infiltration of QF and hamstring muscles and muscle architecture and physical performance of the women with KOA.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 72 women were included.

Effectiveness of supervised and functional level-based exercise program in elderly inpatients: Randomised controlled trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of supervised and unsupervised functional level-based exercises program for elderly inpatients on physical activity, mobility, health-related quality of life and depression status.

Design: A single-blinded randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Internal medicine service.

Early Spontaneous Movements and Upper Extremity Movement Score in Infants With all Narakas Types of Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy.

Background: Obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) is a birth injury that affects upper extremity performance. However, some children with OBPP might have central nervous system disorder or developmental disabilities. This study aimed to investigate (1) the early spontaneous movements using General Movements Assessment (GMA) in infants with OBPP according to the Narakas classification, (2) the differences from typical infants, and (3) the relationship between the GMA and the affected upper extremity movements score.

Effects of Probiotic Bacteria on Central Neuronal Activation in Experimental Colitis.

Background: Brain-gut axis dysregulation is observed in inflammatory bowel disease. However, the effect of altered gut flora on neuro- immunomodulation and its role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease are unknown. The aims of this study are to determine (i) whether colitis modifies the expression of c-fos, a marker of general neuronal activation in the brain and (ii) whether this activation could be modulated by probiotic bacteria.

The Potential Therapeutic Effects of Agmatine, Methylprednisolone, and Rapamycin on Experimental Spinal Cord Injury.

Objective: In spinal cord injury (SCI), the primary mechanical damage leads to a neuroinflammatory response and the secondary neuronal injury occurs in response to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition to the suppression of inflammation, autophagy plays a significant role in the survival of neurons during secondary SCI. The present study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory and autophagic effects of agmatine and rapamycin in SCI and to compare the results with methylprednisolone (MP) used in the clinic.

Carvacrol treatment opens Kir6.2 ATP-dependent potassium channels and prevents apoptosis on rat testis following ischemia-reperfusion injury model.

Testicular torsion is a urological problem that causes subfertility and testicular damage in males. Testis torsion and detorsion lead to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the testis. Testicular IR injury causes the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress (OS) and germ cell-specific apoptosis.

Ultrasound imaging of quadriceps muscle in patients with knee osteoarthritis: The test-retest and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of echo intensity measurement.

Background: Echo intensity(EI) on ultrasonography images of skeletal muscle reflects muscle composition.

Objectives: The primary aim of the study was to investigate the inter-rater and test-retest reliability of EI using grayscale histogram analysis of the cross-sectional area of quadriceps femoris(QF) muscle in patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA). The secondary aim of the study was to determine the concurrent validity of the Free Hand Tool(FHT) when compared to Rectangular Marquee Tool(RMT) for calculating the region of interest(ROI) in ImageJ.

Effects of Cyanoacrylate in Rabbits with Induced Achilles Tendon Rupture.

BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (cyanoacrylate) on the biomechanical and histopathological aspects of tendon healing in a rabbit model of Achilles tendon injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 36 rabbits were randomized to experimental (cyanoacrylate) and control groups (n=36 tendons in each group). A simple suture was used in the control group and a simple suture plus cyanoacrylate was used in the experimental group.

Muscle architecture and its relationship with lower extremity muscle strength in multiple sclerosis.

This study was planned to determine the muscle architecture (pennation angle, muscle fiber length, and muscle thickness) and its relationship to lower extremity muscle strength in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS). The muscle architecture (pennation angle, muscle fiber length, and muscle thickness) and lower extremity muscle strength were assessed in 33 pwMS [13 Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS), 5 Primary Progressive MS (PPMS), 5 Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS), and 11 matched healthy controls (HC)]. Muscle architecture features were assessed with ultrasonography and muscle strength were assessed with a digital hand-held dynamometer.

Combined nerve, vessel, and tendon injuries of the volar wrist: Multidisciplinary treatment and functional outcomes.

The superficial location of critical structures, including tendons, nerves and vessels, in the volar surface of the wrist makes them vulnerable to penetrating trauma. Extensive injuries to these structures are described as "spaghetti wrist". The main objective of this study was to report functional outcome in spaghetti-wrist injuries.

The effect of astaxanthine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model.

Background: We aimed to compare biochemical and histopathological findings of astaxanthin's potential effects on oxidative stress in ischemia/reperfusion damage (I/R).

Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group; I/R group; I/R + treatment group; drug group. Astaxanthin was orally administered to groups C and D for 14 days.

How brachial plexus birth palsy affects motor development and upper extremity skill quality?

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the gross motor functions including head control, midline crossing, and rolling, and the relationship between these developmental skills and upper extremity skill quality in children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP).

Methods: A total of 106 children with NBPP, aged 10-18 months, were included in this study. Injury severity was determined with the Narakas Classification.

Effects of adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction on osteochondral defects treated by hyaluronic acid-based scaffold: An experimental study.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effect of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) on osteochondral defects treated by hyaluronic acid (HA)-based scaffold in a rabbit model.

Materials And Methods: Eighteen white New Zealand rabbits were randomly grouped into the experimental group (n=9) and control group (n=9). In all groups, osteochondral defects were induced on the weight-bearing surfaces of the right femoral medial condyles, and a HA-based scaffold was applied to the defect area with microfractures (MFs).