Tuberculosis burden in immigrants and natives, adults and children, in Tuscany between 2000-2018.

Background: Updated data on epidemiology of tuberculosis are needed in Italy. The aim of this study is to evaluate trends in incidence and associated lethality of tuberculosis in immigrants compared with Italians.

Methods: All tuberculosis cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2018 in 31 Tuscan hospitals were retrospectively identified.

Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in an Italian cohort of preterm infants.

Objective: Non-negligible differences in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its risk factors between different neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are reported. Our aim was to assess the incidence and risk factors for ROP development in a large cohort of very preterm infants who were assisted in two Italian NICUs.

Methods: Preterm infants with gestational age between 23 and 29 weeks were stratified into subgroups of infants who developed ROP and those who did not; their clinical characteristics were compared with univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Two-day-old newborns learn to discriminate accelerated-decelerated biological kinematics from constant velocity motion.

Already in uterus the hand moves with the typical accelerated-decelerated kinematics of goal-directed actions and, from the twenty-second week of pregnancy, the unborn shows the ability to modulate the velocity of the movement depending on the nature of the target. According to the direct matching hypothesis, this motor knowledge may be sufficient to attune neonates' motion perception-like adults'-to biological kinematics. Using dots configuration motions which varied with respect to the kinematics of goal-directed actions, we observed that two-day-old human newborns did not show any spontaneous preference for either biological accelerated-decelerated motion or non-biological constant velocity motion when these were simultaneously presented in a standard preferential looking paradigm.

Increasing imported malaria in children and adults in Tuscany, Italy, (2000 to 2017): A retrospective analysis.

Background: Updated data regarding the epidemiology of imported malaria in Italy are needed. The aim of this study is to evaluate trends in incidence and associated lethality of malaria episodes and to consider if there has been an increase in paediatric cases in the region of Tuscany.

Methods: All malaria cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2017 in 31 Tuscan hospitals were retrospectively identified.