The Greater the Number of Altered Eating Behaviors in Obesity, the More Severe the Psychopathology.

: Altered eating behaviors (AEBs) are not only associated with eating disorders but also play a role in obesity. This study assessed AEBs in individuals with obesity and their association with general and eating psychopathology, using the "Eating Behaviors Assessment for Obesity" (EBA-O). The hypothesis posited that a higher frequency of pathological eating behaviors would correlate with more severe psychopathology.

Multiparametric MRI targeted prostate biopsy: When omit systematic biopsy?

Introduction: To evaluate the detection rate for prostate cancer (PCa) performing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) fusion targeted biopsy (TPBx) combined only with ipsilateral systematic prostate biopsy (SPBx).

Materials And Methods: From January 2023 to December 2023, 495 men with clinical suspicion of PCa underwent transperineal SPBx plus TPBx in the presence of PI-RADS score lesions ≥ 3.

Results: In 250/495 men (50.

Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment on Vascular Function in a Real-Life Cohort of Elderly Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and has a detrimental effect on vascular function, in particular on arterial stiffness and endothelial function. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold-standard therapy for OSAS and its effects on arterial stiffness and endothelial function have been demonstrated in non-elderly patients.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of one year of CPAP treatment on arterial stiffness, through assessment of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), and on endothelial function, through the reactive hyperaemia index (RHi), in a real-life cohort of elderly patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS and several comorbidities.

Immunoexpression of autophagy‑related proteins in a single‑center series of sporadic adult conventional clival chordomas.

Autophagy is a biological process that facilitates the degradation and removal of damaged structures and macromolecules. In neoplasms, autophagy has been proposed to play a dual role, functioning either as a tumor promoter or a tumor suppressor. To date, no comprehensive analysis of autophagy, primarily through immunohistochemical investigation of autophagy-related proteins (ATGs), has been conducted in chordomas (CHs), which are rare bone tumors that arise from remnants of the notochord.

PSMA PET/CT Accuracy in Diagnosing Prostate Cancer Nodes Metastases.

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in pelvic nodal staging, using postoperative histopathology data as the reference standard.

Patients And Methods: From January 2020 to June 2024, 78 patients with clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) (ISUP Grade Group 2) underwent radical prostatectomy plus extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND): 60 (77%) vs. 18 (23%) men had an intermediate vs.

The Simultaneous Use of Bladder Epicheck and Urinary Cytology Can Improve the Sensitivity and Specificity of Diagnostic Follow-Up of Urothelial Lesions: Up-to-Date Data from a Multi-Institutional Cohort.

Bladder cancer is a prevalent urinary system malignancy and urinary cytology is widely used for its screening and follow-up. A novel diagnostic tool called Bladder Epicheck (BE) is increasingly being used for monitoring the recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The simultaneous use of BE and urinary cytology can increase the diagnostic performances in the follow-up of bladder neoplasms.

Immunohistochemical Profile of p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1 in Human Low- and High-Grade Intracranial Meningiomas.

Among autophagic-related proteins, p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1 represents a relevant actor in cellular proliferation and neoplastic growth. Although, recently, p62 expression has been analyzed in different neurodegenerative and glial neoplastic diseases, no available information have been reported in meningiomas, which have an high epidemiological relevance being the second most common category of intracranial tumors after gliomas. Generally meningiomas have a benign behavior, but their recurrence is not uncommon mainly when atypical or anaplastic varieties occur.

Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Immunohistochemical Expression in Advanced Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma: An Updated Review with Clinical and Pathological Implications.

The management of advanced bladder carcinoma involves a multidisciplinary approach, but the prognosis remains poor for many patients. The immune system plays a crucial role in this disease, influencing both tumor development and response to treatment, and exploiting the immune system against the tumor can be a valuable strategy to destroy neoplastic cells. This is the biological principle underlying Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) use and, more recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), like PD-1 (programmed death-1)/PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) inhibitors.

The Morphology of Nasal Polyps in Different Age Groups: Histopathological Features.

Background: Nasal polyps (NPs) represent the end-stage manifestation of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a relatively common pathological condition encountered in all ages of life.

Methodology: The aim of our study was to evaluate the histological features and inflammatory cellular components of NPs in a retrospective cohort (143 cases) of pediatric, adult and elderly populations in order to discuss the possible morphological age-related differences statistically documented.

Results: In the pediatric group, the inflammatory infiltrate presented many eosinophils mixed with lymphocytes, while in the adult population, lymphocytes and plasma cells were mainly evident, frequently with a perivascular distribution or with the formation of subepithelial lymphoid nodules.

Biological Implications and Functional Significance of Transglutaminase Type 2 in Nervous System Tumors.

Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family. TG2 catalyzes the transamidation reaction leading to several protein post-translational modifications and it is also implicated in signal transduction thanks to its GTP binding/hydrolyzing activity. In the nervous system, TG2 regulates multiple physiological processes, such as development, neuronal cell death and differentiation, and synaptic plasticity.

Towards digitally mediated social work - the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on encountering clients in social work.

In the spring of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic spread around the globe. The viral outbreak was followed by rapid changes in people's everyday and working lives. Because of the wide-scale societal restrictions that took place to prevent the pandemic, social work was forced to take a digital leap.

Pilocytic astrocytoma: The paradigmatic entity in low‑grade gliomas (Review).

Among low-grade gliomas, representing 10-20% of all primary brain tumours, the paradigmatic entity is constituted by pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), considered a grade 1 tumour by the World Health Organization. Generally, this tumour requires surgical treatment with an infrequent progression towards malignant gliomas. The present review focuses on clinicopathological characteristics, and reports imaging, neurosurgical and molecular features using a multidisciplinary approach.

Targeting of H19/cell adhesion molecules circuitry by GSK-J4 epidrug inhibits metastatic progression in prostate cancer.

Background: About 30% of Prostate cancer (PCa) patients progress to metastatic PCa that remains largely incurable. This evidence underlines the need for the development of innovative therapies. In this direction, the potential research focus might be on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) like H19, which serve critical biological functions and show significant dysregulation in cancer.

Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Immunohistochemical Expression and Cutaneous Melanoma: A Controversial Relationship.

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is traditionally considered one of the most "immunogenic" tumors, eliciting a high immune response. However, despite the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), melanoma cells use strategies to suppress antitumor immunity and avoid being eliminated by immune surveillance. The PD-1 (programmed death-1)/PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) axis is a well-known immune escape system adopted by neoplastic cells.

Methylation Analysis of Urinary Sample in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Carcinoma: Frequency and Management of Invalid Result.

Background: Numerous studies showed that methylation analysis represents a newly developed urinary marker based on DNA methylation changes in a panel of genomic biomarkers and it could represent a valid tool in terms of the diagnosis and prediction of high-grade urothelial carcinoma recurrences. One of the limits of the use of this new molecular method during a follow-up is represented by the number of invalid tests in routine practice.

Method: A total of 782 patients with a diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive high-grade carcinoma (NMIBC) was studied.

Low and Ultra-Low HER2 in Human Breast Cancer: An Effort to Define New Neoplastic Subtypes.

HER2-low and ultra-low breast cancer (BC) have been recently proposed as new subcategories of HER2 BC, supporting a re-consideration of immunohistochemical negative scores of 0, 1+ and the 2+/in situ hybridization (ISH) negative phenotype. In the present review, we outline the criteria needed to exactly distinguish HER2-low and ultra-low BC. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated significant clinical benefits of novel HER2 directing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in treating these groups of tumors.

Unusual localization and clinical presentation of primary central nervous system extranodal marginal zone B‑cell lymphoma: A case report.

Primary central nervous system (CNS) extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBL) is a rare low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterised predominantly by small B cells, plasma cells, monocytoid cells and scattered large immunoblasts. Primary CNS MZBL is a slow-growing tumour that remains localised and is characterised by an excellent clinical prognosis. The present study describes the case of a 48-year-old HIV-negative female patient with a history of head trauma 1 year prior, who presented with worsening neurological symptoms and a magnetic resonance imaging finding of a ~3-cm extra-axial mass within the left lateral ventricle.

Bladder Epicheck Test: A Novel Tool to Support Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis in Urine Samples.

Bladder cancer and upper urothelial tract carcinoma are common diseases with a high risk of recurrence, thus necessitating follow-up after initial treatment. The management of non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) after transurethral resection involves surveillance, intravesical therapy, and cytology with cystoscopy. Urinary cytology, cystoscopy, and radiological evaluation of the upper urinary tract are recommended during follow-up in the international urological guidelines.

New potential biomarkers for early chronic kidney disease diagnosis in patients with different glucose tolerance status.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress, platelet activation, and endocan levels in renal dysfunction in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) patients with 1-h plasma glucose values ≥155 mg/dl (NGT ≥ 155), compared to NGT < 155, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) newly diagnosed subjects. We enlisted 233 patients subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Materials And Methods: The serum levels of platelet activation (glycoprotein VI and sP-selectin), oxidative stress biomarkers (8-isoprostane and Nox-2), and endocan were evaluated using an ELISA test.

First-line ICIs in renal cell carcinoma.

Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has radically changed, switching from interferon alfa (IFN-α) and high-dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) to new targeted therapies directed against tumoral neoangiogenesis, the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and immune checkpoints. Of note, the inhibition of immune checkpoints restores antitumor immune response, therefore promoting immune-mediated elimination of neoplastic cells. The best example of this targeted treatment is represented by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition that has become the standard of care in mRCC treatment and has improved mRCC patients' prognoses after failure of other targeted therapies.

BRAF-AXL-PD-L1 Signaling Axis as a Possible Biological Marker for RAI Treatment in the Thyroid Cancer ATA Intermediate Risk Category.

The use of radioiodine therapy (RIT) is debated in intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of DTC can be useful to refine patient selection for RIT. We analyzed the mutational status of BRAF, RAS, TERT, PIK3 and RET, and the expression of PD-L1 (as a CPS score), the NIS and AXL genes and the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL, as the CD4/CD8 ratio), in the tumor tissue in a cohort of forty-six ATA intermediate-risk patients, homogeneously treated with surgery and RIT.

Autophagic-Related Proteins in Brain Gliomas: Role, Mechanisms, and Targeting Agents.

The present review focuses on the phenomenon of autophagy, a catabolic cellular process, which allows for the recycling of damaged organelles, macromolecules, and misfolded proteins. The different steps able to activate autophagy start with the formation of the autophagosome, mainly controlled by the action of several autophagy-related proteins. It is remarkable that autophagy may exert a double role as a tumour promoter and a tumour suppressor.