Publications by authors named "Fiore V"

Aim: This real-world, retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of oral semaglutide-the first GLP-1 receptor agonist available in oral form-in patients aged 65 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: The primary endpoint was the change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline (V1) to six months (V3). Secondary endpoints included change in body weight, proportion of patients achieving HbA1c <7%, proportion of patients achieving both an HbA1c reduction of ≥1% and a body weight reduction of ≥5%.

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  • Reinforcement learning contrasts model-free (habitual) and model-based (goal-directed) decision-making, with the latter being more common in high-reward scenarios.
  • A study involving 81 participants revealed that frequent alcohol users lacked the ability to adjust their decision-making strategies based on reward levels, unlike non-users who displayed better model-based control in high-reward settings.
  • Both groups were less risk-averse in high stakes, but alcohol users were generally more prone to risky decisions and showed impaired flexibility in adapting to changing reward conditions.
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Under the threat of public health challenges such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, individual citizens' active and cooperative participation in precautionary measures is crucial. Although non-compliance is recognized as a recurring problem, it remains unknown why some individuals tend to comply less than others and whether violations of preventive behaviors are observed consistently across different public health issues. To test our hypothesis that individuals would show consistent public health behavior transcending domains, we collected self-reports from two independent samples of participants (total N = 2983) on health risk beliefs and behavioral choices.

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Aims: Uncertainty exists about defining true iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure (HF) patients. We assessed the relationship of different ID definitions with cardiac structure and function, congestion, exercise capacity, and prognosis in HF outpatients.

Methods And Results: Iron deficiency was defined according to guidelines (G-ID: ferritin <100 ng/ml or ferritin 100-299 ng/ml with transferrin saturation [TSAT] <20%).

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The Irpinia Fault, also known as the Monte Marzano Fault System, located in the Southern Apennines (Italy), is one of the most seismically active structures in the Mediterranean. It is the source of the 1980, Ms 6.9, multi-segment rupture earthquake that caused significant damage and nearly 3,000 casualties.

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Beliefs have a powerful influence on our behavior, yet their neural mechanisms remain elusive. Here we investigate whether beliefs could impact brain activities in a way akin to pharmacological dose-dependent effects. Nicotine-dependent humans were told that nicotine strength in an electronic cigarette was either 'low', 'medium' or 'high', while nicotine content was held constant.

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In heart failure (HF), congestion is a key pathophysiologic hallmark and a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. However, the presence of congestion is often overlooked in both acute and chronic settings, particularly when it is not clinically evident, which can have important clinical consequences. Ultrasound (US) is a widely available, non-invasive, sensitive tool that might enable clinicians to detect and quantify the presence of (subclinical) congestion in different organs and tissues and guide therapeutic strategies.

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The seismic water gun is widely used and plays an important role in seabed imaging acquisition; however, acoustic impacts on marine organisms are currently poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical responses on the peristomial membrane (PM) of the sea urchin, Arbacia lixula, when exposed to water gun shots in open water. The PM (located around the mouth) is involved in vital functions, such as nutrition and protection.

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Social controllability, or the ability to exert control during social interactions, is crucial for optimal decision-making. Inability to do so might contribute to maladaptive behaviors such as smoking, which often takes place in social settings. Here, we examined social controllability in nicotine-dependent humans as they performed an fMRI task where they could influence the offers made by simulated partners.

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  • * Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) helps assess metabolic and ventilatory issues causing exercise intolerance, while exercise-stress echocardiography (ESE) better evaluates cardiovascular function; combining these methods offers a comprehensive understanding of the condition.
  • * This review aims to enhance clinicians' knowledge about exercise intolerance's underlying mechanisms and the practical use of CPET-ESE to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients with undetermined causes of dyspnea and specific heart conditions.
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This research examined the response of flax-fiber-reinforced composites (FFRCs) to simulated outdoor conditions involving repeated exposure to salt fog and drying. The study investigated the effect of cycles on the toughness of the FFRCs. To achieve this, the composites were exposed to humidity (salt fog) for 10 days, followed by 18 days of drying in cycles.

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Objectives: Advancements in Artificial Intelligence(AI) have made platforms like ChatGPT increasingly relevant in medicine. This study assesses ChatGPT's utility in addressing bacterial infection-related questions and antibiogram-based clinical cases.

Methods: This study involved a collaborative effort involving infectious disease (ID) specialists and residents.

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Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are interrelated and multifactorial conditions, including arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Due to the burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with CMDs' increasing prevalence, there is a critical need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in their management. In clinical practice, innovative methods such as epicardial adipose tissue evaluation, ventricular-arterial coupling, and exercise tolerance studies could help to elucidate the multifaceted mechanisms associated with CMDs.

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Background: There is little information regarding the hepatitis B virus (HBV), vaccination status, and hepatitis B exposure in Italian women's jails. We aimed to describe the HBV exposure and HBs antibody (anti-HBs) protection levels in female prisoners.

Material And Methods: A retrospective multicentric study was performed in Italian prisons from 2021 to 2023.

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Background: Recent guidelines redefined exercise pulmonary hypertension as a mean pulmonary artery pressure/cardiac output (mPAP/CO) slope >3 mm Hg·L·min. A peak systolic pulmonary artery pressure >60 mm Hg during exercise has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death, heart failure rehospitalization, and aortic valve replacement in aortic valve stenosis. The prognostic value of the mPAP/CO slope in aortic valve stenosis remains unknown.

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  • A new prognostic model for COVID-19 progression was developed to include vaccination status and early treatment, which were missing from previous scores.
  • The study analyzed data from 1,145 patients in Sassari, revealing that older age, comorbidities, and lack of vaccination were linked to disease progression, where 29.3% of patients required supplemental oxygen.
  • Multivariate analysis identified key risk factors for progression and created an easy-to-use scoring system based on various clinical and demographic variables, enhancing the ability to predict patient outcomes.
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Social controllability, defined as the ability to exert influence when interacting with others, is crucial for optimal decision-making. Inability to do so might contribute to maladaptive behaviors such as drug use, which often takes place in social settings. Here, we examined nicotine-dependent humans using fMRI, as they made choices that could influence the proposals from simulated partners.

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Heart rate variability (HRV) measurements have emerged as a valuable tool for understanding the functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and assessing the health outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients. Sleep and the ANS exert a mutual influence on each other. Sleep promotes relaxation and recovery of the ANS.

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  • * A retrospective study revealed that while HCV seroprevalence was significantly higher among female inmates, there were no major differences in active infections or co-infections with HIV and HBV between genders.
  • * Both male and female populations had low fibrosis levels, and nearly all patients received antiviral treatment, achieving high success rates, highlighting the need to tailor HCV care to address gender-specific health issues in prisons.
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  • * Research has focused on stray cats as potential carriers of ESBL-producing bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes, highlighting their role in the spread of resistance.
  • * A study in Monza, Italy, found that 6.7% of stray cats carried ESBL-producing bacteria and genes conferring resistance to other antibiotics like tetracyclines and sulfonamides, indicating their potential impact on public health.
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Introduction: Migration has a direct influence on sexual health. Differences both in sexual networks and the risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) between racial or ethnic minorities and the native population have been described in the literature.

Methodology: We collected data on medical history, physical examination, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/STDs tests.

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Computational approaches hold great promise for identifying novel treatment targets and creating translational therapeutics for substance use disorders. From circuitries underlying decision-making to computationally derived neural markers of drug-cue reactivity, this review is a summary of the approaches to data presented at our 2023 Society for Neuroscience Mini-Symposium. Here, we highlight data- and hypothesis-driven computational approaches that recently afforded advancements in addiction and learning neuroscience.

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: We evaluated the bio-humoral and non-invasive haemodynamic correlates of renal congestion evaluated by Doppler renal venous flow (RVF) across the heart failure (HF) spectrum, from asymptomatic subjects with cardiovascular risk factors (Stage A) and structural heart disease (Stage B) to patients with clinically overt HF (Stage C). : Ultrasound evaluation, including echocardiography, lung ultrasound and RVF, along with blood and urine sampling, was performed in 304 patients. : Continuous RVF was observed in 230 patients (76%), while discontinuous RVF (dRVF) was observed in 74 (24%): 39 patients had pulsatile RVF, 18 had biphasic RVF and 17 had monophasic RVF.

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Aims: Degenerative aortic valve stenosis with preserved ejection fraction (ASpEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) display intriguing similarities. This study aimed to provide a non-invasive, comparative analysis of ASpEF versus HFpEF at rest and during exercise.

Methods And Results: We prospectively enrolled 148 patients with HFpEF and 150 patients with degenerative moderate-to-severe ASpEF, together with 66 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

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The prevalence of hypothyroidism increases along with aging, resulting in one of the most common comorbidities among patients over 75 years. The leading causes of hypothyroidism in older adults are iatrogenic, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and medications. The narrative review aimed to discuss the clinical characteristics of hypothyroidism in older adults and the impact of hormonal replacement therapy on survival rates.

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