Is excision biopsy of fibroadenomas based solely on size criteria warranted?

Fibroadenomas (FA) are the most common benign tumor in the female breast. Most are managed conservatively provided there is clinical, radiologic, and pathologic concordance. However, surgical excision is typically recommended for cellular fibroepithelial lesions or those lesions with clinical, radiologic, or pathologic features concerning for phyllodes tumor (PT).

Optimal Scoring of Brightfield Dual-Color In Situ Hybridization for Evaluation of HER2 Amplification in Breast Carcinoma: How Many Cells Are Enough?

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum number of cells that should be counted when scoring human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) brightfield dual-color in situ hybridization (BDISH), including cases with HER2/chromosome 17 (Chr17) ratios in the 1.80 to 2.20 range.

Reflex Repeat HER2 Testing of Grade 3 Breast Carcinoma at Excision Using Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Analysis: Frequency of HER2 Discordance and Utility of Core Needle Biopsy Parameters to Refine Case Selection.

Objectives: The updated American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guidelines (2013) for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer recommend repeat testing at excision of HER2-negative grade 3 breast tumors. This study aimed to identify the rate of HER2 discordance in this cohort of cases.

Methods: All HER2-negative grade 3 tumors diagnosed at a single institution over a 15-month period had reflex repeat HER2 testing at excision : HER2 testing was performed in accordance with ASCO/CAP guidelines using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and dual in situ hybridization (ISH).

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is not warranted following a core needle biopsy diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast.

Introduction: The role of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is controversial. This study evaluates the risk of clinically relevant SLN metastasis following a core needle biopsy (CNB) diagnosis of pure DCIS.

Materials And Methods: Cases that underwent SLNB following a CNB diagnosis of pure DCIS at our institution over a 4.

Dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma: clinicopathological analysis of 18 cases.

Aims: To clinicopathologically characterize the dedifferentiated variant of leiomyosarcoma in a series of 18 cases.

Methods And Results: Dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma was defined as showing features of low-grade leiomyosarcoma associated with a discrete undifferentiated component lacking morphological or immunophenotypic features of myogenic differentiation. Tumours developed in 11 women and seven men, with an age range of 16-84 years (median, 64 years).

Intracystic papillary carcinoma in a male as a rare presentation of breast cancer: a case report and literature review.

Introduction: The term "intracystic papillary ductal carcinoma in situ" has recently changed and is now more appropriately referred to "intracystic papillary carcinoma". Intracystic papillary carcinoma in men is an extremely rare disease with only a few case presentations published in the literature so far.

Case Presentation: We discuss a case of a 44-year-old Caucasian man with an intracystic papillary carcinoma treated with simple mastectomy, sentinel lymph-node biopsy and contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy.

A prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-dependent p27 Kip1 checkpoint induces senescence and inhibits cell proliferation and cancer progression.

Transgenic expression of activated AKT1 in the murine prostate induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) that does not progress to invasive prostate cancer (CaP). In luminal epithelial cells of Akt-driven PIN, we show the concomitant induction of p27(Kip1) and senescence. Genetic ablation of p27(Kip1) led to downregulation of senescence markers and progression to cancer.

Semiautomated multiplexed quantum dot-based in situ hybridization and spectral deconvolution.

Gene expression profiling has identified several potentially useful gene signatures for predicting outcome or for selecting targeted therapy. However, these signatures have been developed in fresh or frozen tissue, and there is a need to apply them to routinely processed samples. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of a potentially high-throughput methodology combining automated in situ hybridization with quantum dot-labeled oligonucleotide probes followed by spectral imaging for the detection and subsequent deconvolution of multiple signals.

Imaging of multiple mRNA targets using quantum dot based in situ hybridization and spectral deconvolution in clinical biopsies.

Gene expression mapping using microarray analysis has identified useful gene signatures for predicting outcome. However, little of this has been translated into clinically effective diagnostic tools as microarrays require high quality fresh-frozen tissue samples. We describe a methodology of multiplexed in situ hybridization (ISH) using a novel combination of quantum dot (QD)-labeled oligonucleotide probes and spectral imaging analysis in routinely processed, formalin-fixed paraffin embedded human biopsies.

Mouse model for noninvasive imaging of HIF prolyl hydroxylase activity: assessment of an oral agent that stimulates erythropoietin production.

Many human diseases are characterized by the development of tissue hypoxia. Inadequate oxygenation can cause cellular dysfunction and death. Tissues use many strategies, including induction of angiogenesis and alterations in metabolism, to survive under hypoxic conditions.

Modulation of epithelial neoplasia and lymphoid hyperplasia in PTEN+/- mice by the p85 regulatory subunits of phosphoinositide 3-kinase.

Mice with heterozygous deletion of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene develop a range of epithelial neoplasia as well as lymphoid hyperplasia. Previous studies suggest that PTEN suppresses tumor formation by acting as a phosphoinositide phosphatase to limit signaling by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Here, we examined the effect of deleting various regulatory subunits of PI3K (p85alpha and p85beta) on epithelial neoplasia and lymphoid hyperplasia in PTEN+/- mice.

Cytologic features of ciliated adenocarcinoma of the cervix: a case report.

Background: Ciliation is a normal finding in the endometrium, fallopian tubes and cervix. Because cilia are characteristically lost when malignant tumors arise at these sites, the detection of cilia on light microscopy is frequently used to support a benign diagnosis. Ciliated carcinomas of müllerian duct origin, however, do occur, albeit rarely, and can pose a potential diagnostic difficulty in cytologic specimens.

Utility of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing primary adenocarcinomas from metastatic breast carcinomas in the gastrointestinal tract.

Context: Breast carcinoma often metastasizes to the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, where it is frequently difficult to distinguish from a primary gastric carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of immunohistochemical stains in differentiating primary gastric carcinomas from metastatic breast carcinomas.

Design: Mucosal biopsy specimens from 47 adenocarcinomas involving the gastrointestinal tract (28 primary gastric carcinomas and 19 metastatic breast carcinomas) and 16 control cases of primary breast carcinomas without metastasis were immunohistochemically stained for estrogen receptor protein (ER), progesterone receptor protein (PR), gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CK/7, CK/20, a panel of mucin glycoprotein antigens (MUC2, MUC3, MUC5AC, and MUC6), monoclonal antibody DAS-1, and caudal-type homeobox transcription factor CDX2 and compared between primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas.

Acute interstitial nephritis: clinical features and response to corticosteroid therapy.

Background: Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a recognized cause of reversible acute renal failure characterized by the presence of an interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrate.

Methods: In order to evaluate the clinical characteristics and management of this disorder, we performed a retrospective study of all cases of AIN found by reviewing 2598 native renal biopsies received at our institution over a 12 year period. Presenting clinical, laboratory and histological features were identified, as was clinical outcome with specific regard to corticosteroid therapy response.

The relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 expression and characteristics of malignant transformation in human colorectal adenomas.

Background And Aims: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is a target of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and is implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent of COX-2 in pre-malignant colorectal polyps and to assess the relationship between COX-2 and the level of dysplasia in these lesions.

Methods: Whole polypectomy specimens were retrieved from 123 patients by endoscopic or surgical resection.

CD138 (syndecan-1), a plasma cell marker immunohistochemical profile in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic neoplasms.

We evaluated the immunohistochemical profile and specificity of CD138 reactivity in 238 specimens from hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic neoplasms. In 91 bone marrow biopsies, CD138 reactivity was observed for nonneoplastic plasma cells, neoplastic plasma cells in multiple myeloma cases (43/43), and the plasmacytic component in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma cases (4/4). Stromal reactivity was noted in 7 multiple myeloma cases.