An update on the use of immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology in the diagnosis of pre-invasive and malignant lesions in gynecological oncology.

Objective: One of the most common challenges in everyday clinical practice of gynecological oncology is to identify the type and the primary origin of a tumor. This is a crucial step in the management, treatment, prognosis, and survival of patients suffering from a gynecological malignancy. Immunohistochemistry has been widely adopted over the last three decades in pathology laboratories all over the world.

Endometrial cancer after endometrial ablation or resection for menorrhagia.

Objective: To assess the incidence of endometrial cancer after endometrial ablation or resection (EA/R) for menorrhagia.

Method: The present retrospective observational cohort study included women who underwent EA/R for menorrhagia at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary between February 1, 1990 and December 31, 1997. Follow-up data until 2015 were examined.

Primary small cell ovarian cancer of pulmonary type: A case report.

Background: Primary small cell ovarian cancer of pulmonary type (SCCOPT) is a rare aggressive ovarian tumour with an incidence of <1%, usually occurring in perimenopausal or postmenopausal women and known to have a poor prognosis. Current treatment is platinum based but has not resulted in long term survival.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 77-year old Caucasian woman who presented initially with a one-week history of abdominal discomfort with raised inflammatory markers and Ca125 of 50 μ/ml.

Long-term incidence of hysterectomy following endometrial resection or endometrial ablation for heavy menstrual bleeding.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of hysterectomy following endometrial resection or endometrial ablation (ERA).

Methods: The present retrospective study enrolled women who underwent ERA for benign heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK, between February 1, 1990, and December 31, 1997; follow-up data to the end of 2015 were included from the pathology laboratory report system from the single pathology laboratory in the region. Data were compared between patients who did or did not require a hysterectomy after ERA.

District nurses' involvement and attitudes to mental health problems: a three-area cross-sectional study.

Aims And Objectives: The main aims of this study were to obtain information on the extent of staff contact and input with mental health problems and to determine their experience, training and attitudes to such problems.

Background: Historical changes and policy shifts have resulted in primary care providers playing an increasing role in the care of mental health problems. Such problems are common within community settings and a major cause of suffering and disability.

Knowledge, confidence and attitudes towards mental health of nurses working in NHS Direct and the effects of training.

Background: NHS Direct, the United Kingdom's 24-hour nurse-led telephone advice service, was announced in December 1997. By November 2000 the service was available throughout England and Wales. Initial research had shown that people with mental health problems used the service and that, prior to its going live, this was one area about which nurses felt least confident.