Interobserver agreement of current and new proposed endoscopic scores for postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease.

Background And Aims: The modified Rutgeerts score (mRS) is widely used for the assessment of endoscopic postoperative recurrence (ePOR) in Crohn's disease (CD) after ileocolic resection to guide therapeutic decisions. To improve the validity and prognostic value of this endoscopic assessment, 2 new scores have been proposed. This study assessed the interobserver agreement of the current score (mRS) and the new endoscopic score for ePOR in CD.

Smoking and colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Dose-effect relationship.

Background And Aims: Prior studies on the effect of smoking on the risk of colitis-associated colorectal neoplasia (CRN) have reported conflicting results. We aimed to further elucidate the association between smoking, including possible dose-effects, and the development of colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: We performed a prospective multicenter cohort study including patients with colonic IBD enrolled in a surveillance program in four academic hospitals between 2011 and 2021.

Exposure to Thioguanine During 117 Pregnancies in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Safety of thioguanine in pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is sparsely recorded. This study was aimed to document the safety of thioguanine during pregnancy and birth.

Methods: In this multicentre case series, IBD patients treated with thioguanine during pregnancy were included.

Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Outpatients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Ubiquitous Yet Suboptimally Managed.

Background: Iron deficiency (ID) and anemia in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are associated with a reduced quality of life. We assessed the prevalence of ID and anemia in Dutch outpatients with IBD and compared routine ID(A) management among medical professionals to the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) treatment guidelines. Methods: Between January and November 2021, consecutive adult outpatients with IBD were included in this study across 16 Dutch hospitals.

Effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib for ulcerative colitis: two-year results of the ICC Registry.

Background: Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor and is registered for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The effectiveness of tofacitinib has been evaluated up to 12 months of treatment.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of 24 months of tofacitinib use in UC patients in the Netherlands.

Prophylactic Medication for the Prevention of Endoscopic Recurrence in Crohn's Disease: a Prospective Study Based on Clinical Risk Stratification.

Background: To prevent recurrence after ileocolonic resection [ICR] in Crohn's disease [CD], postoperative prophylaxis based on risk stratification is recommended in international guidelines. This study aimed to evaluate postoperative CD recurrence after implementation of a clinical management algorithm and to determine the predictive value of clinical and histological risk factors [RFs].

Methods: In this multicentre, prospective cohort study, CD patients [≥16 years] scheduled for ICR were included.

Superior Effectiveness of Tofacitinib Compared to Vedolizumab in Anti-TNF-experienced Ulcerative Colitis Patients: A Nationwide Dutch Registry Study.

Background & Aims: Clinicians face difficulty in when and in what order to position biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab and tofacitinib in anti-TNF-exposed patients with UC in our prospective nationwide Initiative on Crohn and Colitis Registry.

Methods: Patients with UC who failed anti-TNF treatment and initiated vedolizumab or tofacitinib treatment were identified in the Initiative on Crohn and Colitis Registry in the Netherlands.

Quality of life in patients with IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands.

Objective: COVID-19 has put a strain on regular healthcare worldwide. For inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastrointestinal surgeries were postponed and changes in treatment and diagnostic procedures were made. As abrupt changes in treatment regimens may result in an increased morbidity and consequent well-being of patients with IBD, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with IBD.

A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Cannabis and Cannabinoids for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Can We Learn From Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies?

Goal And Background: A number of studies have investigated the effectiveness of cannabis or cannabinoids for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to systematically analyze their effect in in the treatment of IBD patients.

Study: We included randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies analyzing IBD patients of any age using cannabi(noid)s.

Tofacitinib for ulcerative colitis: results of the prospective Dutch Initiative on Crohn and Colitis (ICC) registry.

Background: Tofacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC).

Aim: To evaluate effectiveness, safety and use of tofacitinib in daily practice.

Methods: UC patients initiating tofacitinib were prospectively enrolled in 15 hospitals in the Netherlands.

Earlier discontinuation of TNF-α inhibitor therapy in female patients with inflammatory bowel disease is related to a greater risk of side effects.

Background: In rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis female sex has been shown to be associated with discontinuation of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) therapy.

Aim: To retrospectively assess the association between sex and TNF-α drug persistence in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: All IBD patients on anti-TNF-α therapy with a minimum follow-up of 12 months in a single tertiary centre were identified.

Prediagnostic Serum Vitamin D Levels and the Risk of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in European Populations: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Background: A low vitamin D status has been put forward as a potential risk factor for the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated the association between prediagnostic circulating vitamin D concentrations and dietary intakes of vitamin D, and the risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: Among 359,728 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, individuals who developed CD or UC after enrollment were identified.

Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A European Nested Case-Control Study.

Background: Industrialization has been linked to the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Aim: We investigated the association between air pollution exposure and IBD.

Methods: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort was used to identify cases with Crohn's disease (CD) (n = 38) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 104) and controls (n = 568) from Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK, matched for center, gender, age, and date of recruitment.

Dairy Products, Dietary Calcium, and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From a European Prospective Cohort Investigation.

Background: Dairy products may be involved in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease by modulating gut microbiota and immune responses, but data from epidemiological studies examining this relationship are limited. We investigated the association between prediagnostic intake of these foods and dietary calcium, and the subsequent development of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: In total, 401,326 participants were enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort.

Dietary Patterns and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Europe: Results from the EPIC Study.

Background: Specific nutrients or foods have been inconsistently associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) risks. Thus, we investigated associations between diet as a whole, as dietary patterns, and UC and CD risks.

Methods: Within the prospective EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer) study, we set up a nested matched case-control study among 366,351 participants with inflammatory bowel disease data, including 256 incident cases of UC and 117 of CD, and 4 matched controls per case.

Adenomas in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are associated with an increased risk of advanced neoplasia.

Background: It is still unclear whether inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with adenomas have a higher risk of developing high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or colorectal cancer (CRC) than non-IBD patients with sporadic adenomas. We compared the risk of advanced neoplasia (AN, defined as HGD or CRC) in IBD patients with adenomas to IBD patients without adenomas and patients without IBD with adenomas.

Methods: IBD patients with a histological adenoma diagnosis (IBD + adenoma), age-matched IBD patients without adenoma (IBD-nonadenoma), and adenoma patients without IBD (nonIBD + adenoma) were enrolled in this study.

Pharmacological activation of the bile acid nuclear farnesoid X receptor is feasible in patients with quiescent Crohn's colitis.

Background: The bile acid-activated nuclear receptor Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is critical in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity and preventing bacterial overgrowth. Patients with Crohn's colitis (CC) exhibit reduced ileal FXR target gene expression. FXR agonists have been shown to ameliorate inflammation in murine colitis models.

Serological markers predict inflammatory bowel disease years before the diagnosis.

Objective: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies (ASCAs) have been detected in the serum of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and their unaffected family members. The aim of this study was to establish the value of serological markers as predictors of UC and CD.

Design: Individuals who developed CD or UC were identified from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

Thiopurines prevent advanced colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background And Aims: Previous studies have suggested a chemopreventive effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This effect has not been reported in IBD patients using thiopurines. We investigated the association between thiopurine or 5-ASA use and the risk of advanced neoplasia (AN), including high-grade dysplasia and colorectal cancer, in a large cohort of patients with IBD in the Netherlands.

Role of immunohistochemical markers in predicting progression of dysplasia to advanced neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Background: Although dysplasia is thought to be the precursor lesion in the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC), a significant proportion of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and low-grade (LGD) or indefinite (IND) dysplasia remain cancer-free during endoscopic follow-up. There is a need for biomarkers that predict neoplastic progression. We studied the value of a series of immunohistochemical markers in UC patients with flat LGD or IND with regard to neoplastic progression.

Misclassification of dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: consequences for progression rates to advanced neoplasia.

Background: The natural behavior of flat low-grade (LGD) and indefinite dysplasia (IND) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains uncertain and seems to be dependent on the interpretation of the pathologist. We studied the progression rate of flat LGD and IND to advanced neoplasia (high-grade dysplasia [HGD] or colorectal cancer [CRC]) before and after histopathological review by a panel of gastrointestinal expert pathologists.

Methods: A nationwide pathology database was used to identify IBD patients with dysplasia in six Dutch university medical centers between 1990 and 2006.

Endoscopic and pathological aspects of colitis-associated dysplasia.

The risk of developing colorectal cancer in patients with colitis-associated dysplasia is considerable. Surveillance programs in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease aim to detect dysplastic lesions early and rely heavily on taking random biopsy samples along the length of the colon. Diagnosing dysplasia can be difficult because of the heterogeneous endoscopic appearance of dysplasia and the poor interobserver agreement among pathologists when grading dysplasia.