Review on the Increasing Role for PSMA-Based Radioligand Therapy in Prostate Cancer.

Unlabelled: In 2021, two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), TheraP and VISION, demonstrated that Lu-PSMA-617 as monotherapy was more effective for the decline of PSA than the comparator third-line treatments.

Methods: Our review summarizes new RCTs that add to the use of radioligand therapy (RLT) for patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa).

Results: Four past and present RCTs included 1081 patients.

Prostate-Specific Antigen as an Ultrasensitive Biomarker for Patients with Early Recurrent Prostate Cancer: How Low Shall We Go? A Systematic Review.

Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) needs to be monitored with ultrasensitive PSA assays (uPSAs) for oncologists to be able to start salvage radiotherapy (SRT) while PSA is <0.5 µg/L for patients with prostate cancer (PCa) relapsing after a radical prostatectomy (RP). Our systematic review (SR) aimed to summarize uPSAs for patients with localized PCa.

Pretest PSA and Restaging PSMA PET/CT Predict Survival in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Background: A biochemical recurrence (BCR) risk model was created based on pretest prostate specific antigen (PSA) and groupings by restaging prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT.

Methods: A cohort of 1216 BCR patients were analyzed for overall survival (OS) according to the PSA threshold and restaging PSMA PET/CT. A Cox regression analysis of OS was carried out to detect significant clinical characteristics.

Primary Staging of Prostate Cancer Patients with [F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT Compared with [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT.

Background: Hybrid imaging with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is gaining importance as an increasingly meaningful tool for prostate cancer (PC) diagnostics and as a guide for therapy decisions. This study aims to investigate and compare the performance of [F]PSMA-1007 (F-PSMA) and [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (Ga-PSMA) in the initial staging of PC patients.

Methods: The data of 88 biopsy-proven patients were retrospectively evaluated.

Comparison of [F]PSMA-1007 with [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in Restaging of Prostate Cancer Patients with PSA Relapse.

This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of [18F]PSMA-1007 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) (18F-PSMA) and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (68Ga-PSMA) by identifying prostate-specific antigen (PSA) threshold levels for optimal detecting recurrent prostate cancer (PC) and to compare both methods. Retrospectively, the study included 264 patients. The performances of 18F-PSMA and 68Ga-PSMA in relation to the pre-scan PSA were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

On the Way for Patients with Prostate Cancer to the Best Use of PSMA.

In recent years, the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has achieved a significant role in the diagnostics and treatments of patients with prostate cancer [...

Circulating androgen receptor gene amplification and resistance to Lu-PSMA-617 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: results of a Phase 2 trial.

Background: In a Phase 2 clinical trial, we aimed to determine the lutetium-177 [Lu]-PSMA-617 activity and the clinical utility of levels of plasma androgen receptor (AR) gene in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Methods: We determined AR copy number in pretreatment plasma samples. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) in order to evaluate the independent relevance of AR status and to evaluate patients with early progressive disease (PD) defined as treatment interruption occurring within 4 months after the start of Lu-PSMA-617.

Ga-PSMA PET/CT for Patients with PSA Relapse after Radical Prostatectomy or External Beam Radiotherapy.

The study aimed to summarize clinical characteristics associated with Gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (Ga-PSMA PET/CT) scans as patients were restaged for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse after radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Our analyses included multiple cox regression analyses. The study evaluated 95 patients with rising values of PSAs after RP and after EBRT.

Testicular germ cell tumors type 2 have high RNA expression of , the gene for lactate dehydrogenase subunit B.

This study analyzed RNA expression of genes for three serum tumor markers, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) type 2. The gene AFP encodes AFP, the gene for chorionic gonadotropin beta polypeptide 5 (CGB5) encodes a major part of the specific beta subunit of hCG, and the genes for LDH subunit A (LDHA), LDH subunit B (LDHB), and LDH subunit C (LDHC) encode three different subunits of LDH. LDHB encodes the LDHB subunit present as a tetramer in LDH isoenzyme 1 (LDH-1).

Optimizing PSMA Radioligand Therapy for Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of the review was to evaluate patient and treatment characteristics for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with PSMA radioligand therapy (PRLT) associated with above-average outcome. The systematic review and meta-analysis followed recommendations by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). We searched for publications in PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.

Meta-Analysis of Gene Expressions in Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Histologies.

There is no consensus as to how a precursor lesion, germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS), develops into the histologic types of testicular germ cell tumor type II (TGCT). The present meta-analysis examined RNA expressions of 24 candidate genes in three datasets. They included 203 samples of normal testis (NT) and histologic types of TGCT.

Metastatic extent predicts survival as patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer are treated with Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy.

PSMA based radioligand is a new investigational drug for treatment of metastatic multidrug-resistant and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prognostic factors point to above and below average overall survival (OS) after the treatment. Kessel et al.

Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy of predominant lymph node metastatic prostate cancer.

Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy (LuPRLT) is mainly used for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who are resistant to established drugs. This study describes LuPRLT, either LuPSMA I&T or LuPSMA RLT-617, for 45 patients with predominant lymph node metastatic prostate cancer (LNM PC). Thirty-five patients had LNM and ten patients had LNM and one or two bone metastases.

Third-line treatment and Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a systematic review.

Aims: There is a controversy as to the relative efficacy of Lu prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (RLT) and third-line treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The aim of our systematic review was to elucidate whether Lu-PSMA RLT and third-line treatment have similar effects and adverse effects (PROSPERO ID CRD42017067743).

Methods: The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Frequency and Markers of Precursor Lesions and Implications for the Pathogenesis of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors.

Background: The World Health Organization classification of urologic cancer 2016 describes 3 noninvasive precursor lesions for testicular germ cell tumor type II (TGCT) of young adults. Germ cell neoplasia in situ is the initial precursor lesion. Intratubular seminoma (ITSE), and intratubular embryonal carcinoma (ITEC) are 2 intermediate precursor lesions.

Radiotherapy Boost for the Dominant Intraprostatic Cancer Lesion-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer can be performed with a high dose of 86 Gy; however, one-tenth or more of the patients will develop recurrence. Prostate cancer is mainly multifocal, but a dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) is often the site of local recurrence after EBRT. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify whether functional imaging might identify the DIL and whether a RT boost to the DIL might be increased to an ultrahigh dose level of ≥ 90 Gy without increased toxicity.

Planning of External Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Guided by PET/CT.

In this paper, we give an overview of articles on non-choline tracers for PET/CT for patients with prostate cancer and planning of radiotherapy guided by PET/CT. Nineteen articles described (11)C-Acetate PET/CT. Of 629 patients 483 (77%, 95% CI 74% - 80%) had positive (11)C-Acetate PET/CT scans.