How have changes in accessibility and public funding influenced contraceptive use among Norwegian adolescents? A cohort study.

Introduction: The Norwegian Government introduced in 2002 a reimbursement scheme for hormonal contraceptives to adolescents at the same time as public health nurses and midwives received authorization to prescribe hormonal contraceptives. This study examines the impact of increased accessibility and public funding on hormonal contraceptive use among adolescents.

Material And Methods: The Norwegian Prescription Database, Statistics Norway, and Norwegian Institute of Public Health served as data sources for this cohort study.

Prevention of obstetric anal sphincter injuries with perineal support and lateral episiotomy: A historical cohort study.

Introduction: There are many risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) and the interaction between these risk factors is complex and understudied. The many observational studies that have shown a reduction of OASIS rates after implementation of perineal support have short follow-up time. We aimed to study the effect of integration of active perineal support and lateral episiotomy on OASIS rates over a 15-year period and to study interactions between risk factors known before delivery.

Minor changes in the incidence of primary and secondary involuntary childlessness across birth cohorts 1916 to 1975, but major differences in treatment success.

There have been tremendous advances in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) over the past 50 years. The present study assessed infertility outcomes among women of reproductive age during this period. The seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø7, 2015-16) recruited Tromsø residents aged 40-98 years.

Risk of Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3 or Worse (CIN3+) among Women Examined by a 5-Type HPV mRNA Test during 2003 and 2004, Followed through 2015.

Background: The study's purpose was to evaluate the performance of a five-type HPV mRNA test to predict cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) during up to 12 years of follow-up.

Methods: Overall, 19,153 women were recruited by gynecologists and general practitioners in different parts of Norway between 2003 and 2004. The study population comprised 9582 women of these women, aged 25-69 years with normal cytology and a valid five-type HPV mRNA test at baseline.

May Women with a Negative Co-Test at First Follow-Up Visit Return to 3-Year Screening after Treatment for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia?

Background: The Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme recommends that women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) only be returned to 3-year screening after receiving two consecutive negative co-tests, 6 months apart. Here we evaluate adherence to these guidelines and assessed the residual disease, using CIN3+ as the outcome.

Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 1397 women, treated for CIN between 2014 and 2017, who had their cytology, HPV, and histology samples analyzed by a single university department of pathology.

13-Type HPV DNA Test versus 5-Type HPV mRNA Test in Triage of Women Aged 25-33 Years with Minor Cytological Abnormalities-6 Years of Follow-Up.

Background: A specific, cost-effective triage test for minor cytological abnormalities is essential for cervical cancer screening among younger women to reduce overmanagement and unnecessary healthcare utilization. We compared the triage performance of one 13-type human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test and one 5-type HPV mRNA test.

Methods: We included 4115 women aged 25-33 years with a screening result of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) recorded in the Norwegian Cancer Registry during 2005-2010.

Hormonal IUD is the major hormonal contraceptive method used among women aged 40-49 years: Data from the 2015-16 Tromsø Study, Norway.

Objective: This study aims to investigate hormonal contraceptive (HC) use and user characteristics in women aged 40-49 years in Norway, as little is known on use of HCs in this age segment.

Material And Methods: This prevalence study included 2296 women aged 40-49 years who participated in the 2015-16 Tromsø Study, which collected self-reported sociodemographic information and data from a wide range of validated health questionnaires. The participants had been sexually active the last 12 months prior enrollment, were not pregnant, not trying to conceive, and had no prior fertility problems.

Changes in cesarean section rates after introduction of a punitive financial policy in Georgia: A population-based registry study 2017-2019.

Background: There is little research on how financial incentives and penalties impact national cesarean section rates. In January 2018, Georgia introduced a national cesarean section reduction policy, which imposes a financial penalty on hospitals that do not meet their reduction targets. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of this policy on cesarean section rates, subgroups of women, and selected perinatal outcomes.

Reproductive changes among women in their 40s: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: The aim was to describe and compare changes in the reproductive pattern of women in their 40s observed over a decade in Scandinavia.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional study using the total population of women aged 40-49 years between 2008-2018 in Denmark, Norway and Sweden (on average n = 1.5 million).

Changed definition of disease and broader screening criteria had little impact on prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: There are major controversies in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study evaluates the impact of the 2017 revised guidelines for GDM screening and a changed definition of GDM in Norway.

Material And Methods: We used a case-series design and included women with no pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus, who gave birth after gestational week 29 to a singleton fetus at the University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, or at a local maternity ward in Troms county, during the first 6 months of 2013 (before group, n = 676) and 2018 (after group, n = 673).

Changes in maternal risk factors and their association with changes in cesarean sections in Norway between 1999 and 2016: A descriptive population-based registry study.

Background: Increases in the proportion of the population with increased likelihood of cesarean section (CS) have been postulated as a driving force behind the rise in CS rates worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess if changes in selected maternal risk factors for CS are associated with changes in CS births from 1999 to 2016 in Norway.

Methods And Findings: This national population-based registry study utilizes data from 1,055,006 births registered in the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry from 1999 to 2016.

Trends in initiation of hormonal contraceptive methods among teenagers born between 1989 and 1997 in Norway and the United States.

Objective: To assess initiation of hormonal contraception among women aged 15-19 in the US and Norway by birth cohort.

Study Design: We used population-based survey (US) and administrative (Norway) data to estimate the cumulative probability of age at first use of hormonal contraception for female residents born between 1989 and 1997 in 3-year birth cohorts. Differences between countries were assessed using confidence intervals, and differences between birth cohorts were assessed using survival analysis.

The impact of antenatal care utilization on admissions to neonatal intensive care units and perinatal mortality in Georgia.

Introduction: Appropriate antenatal care (ANC) utilization has direct, significant effects on perinatal mortality (PM). Georgia has one of the highest PM rates (11.7 per 1000 births) in Europe and launched a more intensive ANC programme in 2018.

Factors Associated with Cesarean Section among Primiparous Women in Georgia: A Registry-based Study.

Cesarean section rates remain high in Georgia. As a cesarean section in the first pregnancy generally lead to a cesarean section in subsequent pregnancies, primiparous women should be targeted for prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to assess factors associated with cesarean section among primiparous women.

Station of the fetal head at complete cervical dilation impacts duration of second stage of labor.

Objective: To examine the association between station of the fetal head at complete cervical dilation and duration of second stage of labor, as well as prolonged second stage of labor, without and with the use of analgesia (EA).

Study Design: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of 3311 women with a singleton pregnancy, gestational age ≥ 37 weeks, and cephalic presentation. Station of the fetal head at complete cervical dilation was categorized as at the pelvic floor, beneath the ischial spines, but above the pelvic floor, and at or above the ischial spines.

Unattended Pregnancies and Perinatal Mortality in Georgia.

Introduction: The majority of pregnant women in Georgia attend the free-of-charge, national antenatal care (ANC) programme, but over 5% of pregnancies in the country are unattended. Moreover, Georgia has one of the highest perinatal mortality (PM) rates in Europe (11.7/1000 births).

Recurrent disease after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-The importance of a flawless definition of residual disease and length of follow-up.

Objective: To evaluate adherence to national guidelines for follow-up, and assess residual and recurrent disease after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+).

Study Design: In a case-series design women aged 25-69 years treated for primary CIN2+ in 2006-2011 (n = 752) were followed through August 9, 2019 for residual or recurrent disease, i.e.

Surgeon's experience and clinical outcome after retropubic tension-free vaginal tape-A case series.

Introduction: The retropubic tension-free vaginal tape procedure has been the preferred method for primary surgical treatment of stress and stress-dominant mixed urinary incontinence in women for more than 20 years. In this study, we assessed associations between surgeon's experience with the primary tension-free vaginal tape procedure and both perioperative complications and recurrence rates.

Material And Methods: Using a consecutive case-series design, we assessed 596 patients treated with primary retropubic tension-free vaginal tape surgery performed by 18 surgeons from 1998 through 2012, with follow up through 2015 (maximum follow-up time: 10 years per patient).

Do Norwegian providers comply with national recommendations when prescribing combined oral contraceptives to starters? A cohort study.

Objectives: To assess whether changes in patterns of combined oral contraceptive (COC) prescriptions to starters between 2008 and 2016 were in line with changes in national recommendations for use.

Design: Historical prospective cohort study.

Setting: The national Norwegian Prescription Database.

Quality control of cervical cytology using a 3-type HPV mRNA test increases screening program sensitivity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ in young Norwegian women-A cohort study.

Within 2021, Norway intends to complete implementation of HPV DNA-based primary screening for cervical cancer for women 34-69 years, while continue cytology-based screening for women 25-33 years. Over the recent years, the incidence of cervical cancer has increased by 30% among women younger than 40 years. In this subset of women, nearly 30% were diagnosed with a normal smear, as most recent smear, prior the cancer diagnosis.

Incidence and Causes of Perinatal Mortality in Georgia.

Georgia has one of the highest perinatal mortality rates (i.e., stillbirths and early neonatal deaths combined) in Europe.

The retropubic tension-free vaginal tape procedure-Efficacy, risk factors for recurrence and long-term safety.

Introduction: The retropubic tension-free vaginal tape has been the preferred method for primary surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence and stress-dominated mixed urinary incontinence in women for more than 20 years. This study presents long-term safety and efficacy data and assesses risk factors for long-term recurrence.

Material And Methods: In a case-series design we assessed a historical cohort of primary surgeries performed with the tension-free vaginal tape procedure in 596 women from 1998 to 2012 with follow up through 2015.