Ketofol dosing simulations for procedural sedation.

Background: Propofol mixed with racemic ketamine (or "ketofol") is popular for short procedural sedation and analgesia, yet the optimal combination is unknown. We aimed to determine a ketofol dosing regimen for short procedural sedation and analgesia of 5- to 20-minute duration in healthy patients (2-20 y).

Methods: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters were used to simulate drug concentration and effect profiles over time for different ketamine-to-propofol ratios (1:1-1:10).

Ketofol simulations for dosing in pediatric anesthesia.

Background: Propofol mixed with racemic ketamine (or 'ketofol') is popular for short procedural sedation and analgesia. Use is creeping into anesthesia, yet neither the optimal combination nor infusion rate is known. The EC(50) of propofol's antiemetic effect is reported to be 0.