Dynamics of proviral HIV-1 184M/V in circulating CD4+ T-cells: a 90 days follow-up study after initiation/switch of HAART.

HIV-1 viral load falls rapidly on initiation of HAART. This phase of decreasing yet substantial viral production in the presence of antiretroviral drugs could generate resistant HIV-1. Whether switching a drug from a failing regime changes the demography of the mutations associated with it in the CD4+ T-cell compartment is not well-defined.

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene 103K/N and 184M/V combinations in tandem: detection and quantification of HIV-1 populations in the CD45RO+ T-cell compartment by a double-ARMS real-time PCR assay.

Background: The proviral HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene for the 103K/N and 184M/V combinations were studied in tandem. The CD45RO T (memory) cell compartment was investigated.

Methods: A new double-ARMS (amplification refractory mutation system) real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was developed to detect and quantify 4 populations (103K-184M, 103K-184V, 103N-184M, and 103N-184V) in the CD45RO T-cell compartment.

Detection and quantification of proviral HIV-1 184 M/V in circulating CD4(+) T cells of patients on HAART with a viremia less than 1,000 copies/ml.

Background: Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) effectively reduces HIV replication but does not completely hinder it. Sub-optimal therapy leads to HIV resistance to the drugs administered. However, the role of low-level viremia (viral-load less than 1,000 copies/ml) on mutation genesis and incorporation of resistant forms in the long-lived CD4(+) T cellular DNA compartment is not clear.

[Traveller's diarrhea].

Traveller's diarrhea (TD) is the health problem most frequently encountered by tourists. Neither pretravel advice nor probiotica has shown a consistent prophylactic effect. Antibiotic chemoprophylaxis reduces the incidence of TD by 80-90% but should be recommended only to certain high-risk groups.