Older adults do not consistently overestimate their action opportunities across different settings.

Am I still able to climb the ladder? Aging accompanies changes in physical constitution and a higher risk of injuries. At the same time, the judgment of action opportunities needs to be highly adaptive to the given task setting. We examined older adults' (n = 40) judgment tendencies in four different tasks by use of a detection theory approach.

Deletions in the MAL gene result in loss of Mal protein, defining the rare inherited AnWj-negative blood group phenotype.

The genetic background of the high prevalence red blood cell antigen AnWj has remained unresolved since its identification in 1972, despite reported associations with both CD44 and Smyd1 histone methyltransferase. Development of anti-AnWj, which may be clinically significant, is usually due to transient suppression of antigen expression, but a small number of individuals with persistent, autosomally recessive inherited AnWj-negative phenotype have been reported. Whole-exome sequencing of individuals with the rare inherited AnWj-negative phenotype revealed no shared mutations in CD44H or SMYD1; instead, we discovered homozygosity for the same large exonic deletion in MAL, which was confirmed in additional unrelated AnWj-negative individuals.

Trainability of affordance judgments in right and left hemisphere stroke patients.

Whenever we are confronted with action opportunities in everyday life, e.g., when passing an opening, we rely on our ability to precisely estimate our own bodily capabilities in relation to the environmental conditions.

Pediatric Respiratory Emergencies-Recognition, Approach, and Management.

This article reviews the current trends and management of respiratory emergencies in children. Respiratory emergencies are a common report in pediatrics and often require prompt recognition and intervention. It is important to differentiate upper from lower respiratory disease processes because the management is often different.

100 years after Liepmann-Lesion correlates of diminished selection and application of familiar versus novel tools.

100 years ago, Liepmann highlighted the role of left ventro-dorsal lesions for impairments in conceptual (rather ventral) and motor (more dorsal) related aspects of apraxia. Many studies thereafter attributed to an extended left fronto-temporo-parietal network. Yet, to date there are only few studies that looked at apraxic performance in the selection and application of familiar versus novel tools.

Infected intracranial dermal sinus tract in a child.

Dermal sinus tracts (DSTs) are rare congenital defects occurring along the cranial spinal axis. They may extend from the skin into the deeper structures of the central nervous system. While most DSTs remain clinically occult, they can provide a route of entry for skin pathogens to cause intracranial infection.

Is This Within Reach? Left but Not Right Brain Damage Affects Affordance Judgment Tendencies.

The ability to judge accurately whether or not an action can be accomplished successfully is critical for selecting appropriate response options that enable adaptive behaviors. Such affordance judgments are thought to rely on the perceived fit between environmental properties and knowledge of one's current physical capabilities. Little, however, is currently known about the ability of individuals to judge their own affordances following a stroke, or about the underlying neural mechanisms involved.

Fever Without Source in Unvaccinated Children Aged 3 to 24 Months: What Workup Is Recommended?

Fever is the most common complaint for infants and children brought to the emergency department. Most febrile children younger than 3 years will have a clinically apparent source of infection. However, in approximately 20% of these children, a source cannot be identified by history and physical examination alone.

Vomiting Children: It's Not Always Gastroenteritis.

Emesis is a common presentation in children. Many diagnostic considerations need to be made in a child with emesis and no diarrhea, particularly if lasting longer than 24 hours. The differential diagnosis includes trauma, increased intracranial pressure, obstruction, and metabolic abnormalities such as diabetic ketoacidosis.

General Pediatric Clinical Applications of POCUS: Part 2.

The use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performed by non-radiologists has become more widespread and is entering new arenas of clinical care, particularly in the world of pediatrics. Children are prime candidates for ultrasound because they are more at risk to the harmful effects of ionizing radiation than adults. This is the second part of a two-part article reviewing 10 uses of POCUS that pediatricians can apply to their practice in both inpatient and outpatient settings.

General Pediatric Clinical Applications of POCUS: Part 1.

The use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) performed by non-radiologists has become more widespread and is entering new arenas of clinical care. Children in particular are prime candidates for ultrasound, as they are both usually thinner than adults and are particularly at risk from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. In this two-part article, we propose 10 uses of POCUS that pediatricians can apply to their practice in both inpatient and outpatient settings.

Does it still fit? - Adapting affordance judgments to altered body properties in young and older adults.

Actor-related affordance judgments are decisions about potential actions that arise from environmental as well as bodily and cognitive conditions. The system can be challenged by sudden changes to otherwise rather stable actor references e.g.

A combined therapy for limb apraxia and related anosognosia.

Left hemisphere stroke frequently leads to limb apraxia, a disorder that has been reported to impact independence in daily life and rehabilitation success. Nonetheless, there is a shortcoming in research and availability of applicable trainings. Further, to date, anosognosia for limb apraxia has largely been neglected.

Emotional Theory of Rationality.

In recent decades, the existence of a close relationship between emotional phenomena and rational processes has certainly been established, yet there is still no unified definition or effective model to describe them. To advance our understanding of the mechanisms governing the behavior of living beings, we must integrate multiple theories, experiments, and models from both fields. In this article we propose a new theoretical framework that allows integrating and understanding the emotion-cognition duality, from a functional point of view.

Limb apraxia profiles in different clinical samples.

: Limb apraxia is a motor cognitive disorder that has been mainly studied in patients with dementia or left hemisphere stroke (LHS). However, limb apraxia has also been reported in patients with right hemisphere stroke (RHS), multiple sclerosis (MS) or traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study's aim was to report detailed praxis performance profiles in samples suffering from these different neurological disorders by use of the Diagnostic Instrument for Limb Apraxia (DILA-S).

Correction: Does it fit?-Trainability of affordance judgments in young and older adults.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Does it fit? - Trainability of affordance judgments in young and older adults.

Will I fit into the overcrowded subway? Advanced aging can change our abilities associated with accurately judging the fit between perceived environmental properties and our own actual physical capabilities (affordance judgments). Two experimental studies examined the effects of aging and trainability in affordance judgments. Participants were asked to decide whether their hand fits into a given opening (Aperture Task).

It takes two to pantomime: Communication meets motor cognition.

For over a century, pantomime of tool use has been employed to diagnose limb apraxia, a disorder of motor cognition primarily induced by left brain damage. While research consistently implicates damage to a left fronto-temporo-parietal network in limb apraxia, findings are inconsistent regarding the impact of damage to anterior versus posterior nodes within this network on pantomime. Complicating matters is the fact that tool use pantomime can be affected and evaluated at multiple levels.

Does it fit? - Impaired affordance perception after stroke.

Affordance perception comprises the evaluation of whether our given bodily capabilities and properties of the environment allow particular actions. Typical impairments after left brain damage in motor cognition as well as after right brain damage in visuo-spatial abilities may affect the evaluation of whether interactions with objects are possible. Further it is unclear whether deficient motor function is accounted for when deciding upon action opportunities.