Seasonally variable thermal performance curves prevent adverse effects of heatwaves.

1. Differential vulnerability to heatwaves may affect community dynamics in a changing climate. In temperate regions, this vulnerability to heatwaves depends on the interactions between seasonal temperature fluctuations and the capacity to rapidly shift thermal performance curves.

Simultaneous warming and acidification limit population fitness and reveal phenotype costs for a marine copepod.

Phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaptation allow populations to cope with global change, but limits and costs to adaptation under multiple stressors are insufficiently understood. We reared a foundational copepod species, , under ambient (AM), ocean warming (OW), ocean acidification (OA), and combined ocean warming and acidification (OWA) conditions for 11 generations (approx. 1 year) and measured population fitness (net reproductive rate) derived from six life-history traits (egg production, hatching success, survival, development time, body size and sex ratio).

Loss of transcriptional plasticity but sustained adaptive capacity after adaptation to global change conditions in a marine copepod.

Adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity will fuel resilience in the geologically unprecedented warming and acidification of the earth's oceans, however, we have much to learn about the interactions and costs of these mechanisms of resilience. Here, using 20 generations of experimental evolution followed by three generations of reciprocal transplants, we investigated the relationship between adaptation and plasticity in the marine copepod, Acartia tonsa, in future global change conditions (high temperature and high CO). We found parallel adaptation to global change conditions in genes related to stress response, gene expression regulation, actin regulation, developmental processes, and energy production.

D-Chiro-Inositol Regulates Insulin Signaling in Human Adipocytes.

D-Chiro-Inositol (D-Chiro-Ins) is a secondary messenger in the insulin signaling pathway. D-Chiro-Ins modulates insulin secretion, the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and glycogen storage. Due to these actions D-Chiro-Ins has been proposed to correct defective insulin function in a variety of conditions characterized by metabolic dysfunction, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, gestational diabetes and fat accumulation at menopause.

Ulipristal Acetate Interferes With Actin Remodeling Induced by 17β-Estradiol and Progesterone in Human Endometrial Stromal Cells.

Ulipristal acetate (UPA) is a selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) used for emergency contraception and for the medical management of symptomatic uterine fibroids (UF). Treatment with UPA turns in amenorrhea and UF volume reduction. Treatment with UPA is associated with the frequent development of benign, transitory endometrial changes known as SPRM-associated endometrial changes (PAECs).

Determining the Advantages, Costs, and Trade-Offs of a Novel Sodium Channel Mutation in the Copepod Acartia hudsonica to Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST).

The marine copepod Acartia hudsonica was shown to be adapted to dinoflagellate prey, Alexandrium fundyense, which produce paralytic shellfish toxins (PST). Adaptation to PSTs in other organisms is caused by a mutation in the sodium channel. Recently, a mutation in the sodium channel in A.

No evidence for induction or selection of mutant sodium channel expression in the copepod Acartia husdsonica challenged with the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense.

Some species in the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium spp. produce a suite of neurotoxins that block sodium channels, known as paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), which have deleterious effects on grazers. Populations of the ubiquitous copepod grazer Acartia hudsonica that have co-occurred with toxic Alexandrium spp.

The dynamic complex of cytochrome c6 and cytochrome f studied with paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy.

The rapid transfer of electrons in the photosynthetic redox chain is achieved by the formation of short-lived complexes of cytochrome b6f with the electron transfer proteins plastocyanin and cytochrome c6. A balance must exist between fast intermolecular electron transfer and rapid dissociation, which requires the formation of a complex that has limited specificity. The interaction of the soluble fragment of cytochrome f and cytochrome c6 from the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp.

Methylmercury accumulation in plankton on the continental margin of the northwest Atlantic Ocean.

Accumulation of monomethylmercury (MMHg) by plankton is a key process influencing concentrations of this toxic mercury species in marine food webs and seafood. We examined bioaccumulation and biomagnification of MMHg in microseston and four size fractions of zooplankton on the continental shelf, slope, and rise of the northwest Atlantic Ocean. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF, L/kg) for MMHg in microseston averaged 10(4.

The complex of cytochrome f and plastocyanin from Nostoc sp. PCC 7119 is highly dynamic.

Cytochrome f (Cyt f) and plastocyanin (Pc) form a highly transient complex as part of the photosynthetic redox chain. The complex from Nostoc sp. PCC 7119 was studied by NMR relaxation spectroscopy with the aim of determining the orientation of Pc relative to Cyt f.

A pulsed EPR method to determine distances between paramagnetic centers with strong spectral anisotropy and radicals: the dead-time free RIDME sequence.

Methods to determine distances between paramagnetic metal centers and radicals are scarce. This is unfortunate because paramagnetic metal centers are frequent in biological systems and so far have not been employed much as distance markers. Successful pulse sequences that directly target the dipolar interactions cannot be applied to paramagnetic metal centers with fast relaxation rates and large g-anisotropy, if no echos can be detected and the excitation bandwidth is not sufficient to cover a sufficiently large part of the spectrum.

Accurate long-range distance measurements in a doubly spin-labeled protein by a four-pulse, double electron-electron resonance method.

Distance determination in disordered systems by a four-pulse double electron-electron resonance method (DEER or PELDOR) is becoming increasingly popular because long distances (several nanometers) and their distributions can be measured. From the distance distributions eventual heterogeneities and dynamics can be deduced. To make full use of the method, typical distance distributions for structurally well-defined systems are needed.

High-field (275 GHz) spin-label EPR for high-resolution polarity determination in proteins.

The polarity of protein surfaces is one of the factors driving protein-protein interactions. High-field, spin-label EPR at 95 GHz, i.e.

Isolation and biochemical characterization of a basic myrosinase from ripe Crambe abyssinica seeds, highly specific for epi-progoitrin.

On the basis of previous studies on the mechanism-based inhibition, activation, and active site structure of myrosinase(s) isolated from Sinapis alba and other cruciferous seeds, crambe myrosinase shows uncommon properties and behavior. For this reason homogeneous crambe myrosinase was isolated and investigated to establish the most important physicochemical features, including kinetic properties determined with the epimers progoitrin (R) and epi-progoitrin (S) as substrates, with and without ascorbate as an activator. The results of this study demonstrate that crambe myrosinase is highly specific for epi-progoitrin due to a better stabilization of the enzyme-substrate complex.

Soluble and total myrosinase activity in defatted Crambe abyssinica meal.

Crambe defatted meal contains 4-6% w/w of glucosinolates, with epiprogoitrin accounting for >90% of the total. This feature limits the use of the meal as feed due to the antinutritional properties of myrosinase-glucosinolate breakdown products. In this context, myrosinase activity assumes particular importance.

Recent advances of knowledge on the mechanism of action of drugs modifying the bronchial secretions.

In order to explain the mechanism of action of drugs modifying the bronchial secretions, their subdivision into agents with a direct or an indirect action seems justified: the former primarily modify already formed secretions, whilst the latter act on the bronchial structures originating mucus. In hypersecretive states with increased viscoelasticity of mucus, a widespread therapy is represented by the use of direct reducing drugs, which act by breaking the mucofibrillar network. Among them the most important are those with free sulphydryl groups (-SH), which can break the disulphide bonds of the bronchial secretions.

[Clinical and functional effects of domiodol and sobrerol in hypersecretory bronchopneumonias].

A double-blind study has been carried out in adult patients suffering from acute and chronic bronchitis, and acute exacerbation of chronic hypersecretory bronchitis, excluding the bronchorreic forms, in order to evaluate the mucolytic activity of orally given domiodol and sobrerol. Treatment with both drugs resulted in an improvement in the subjective measures of ease of expectoration, severity of coughing and sputum consistency; however, there was no improvement in respiratory functions. Moreover, domiodol resulted in a significant increase in sputum volumes, since the very first days of treatment.