Association between 5-minute oxygen saturation and neonatal death and intraventricular hemorrhage among extremely preterm infants.

Objective: To assess the relationship between 5-min oxygen saturation (SpO2) and outcomes in extremely preterm infants.

Study Design: This cohort study included infants ≤28 weeks' gestation across nine hospitals from 2020 to 2022. Death and / or severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were compared between infants with 5-min SpO2 < 80% and 80-100% using Poisson regression models.

Two-Year Outcomes of Umbilical Cord Milking in Nonvigorous Infants: A Secondary Analysis of the MINVI Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Compared with early cord clamping (ECC), umbilical cord milking (UCM) reduces delivery room cardiorespiratory support, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and therapeutic hypothermia in nonvigorous near-term and full-term infants. However, UCM postdischarge outcomes are not known.

Objective: To determine the 2-year outcomes of children randomized to UCM or ECC at birth in the Milking in Nonvigorous Infants (MINVI) trial.

Does the use of higher versus lower oxygen concentration improve neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18-24 months in very low birthweight infants?

Background: Immediately after birth, the oxygen saturation is between 30 and 50%, which then increases to 85-95% within the first 10 min. Over the last 10 years, recommendations regarding the ideal level of the initial fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) for resuscitation in preterm infants have changed from 1.0, to room air to low levels of oxygen (< 0.

Caffeine and Less Invasive Surfactant Administration for Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn.

BACKGROUND: Management strategies for preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome include early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and titration of fractional inspired oxygen and may include the use of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) to avoid the need for endotracheal intubation. This randomized trial investigated whether early administration of caffeine and LISA would decrease the need for endotracheal intubation in the first 72 hours of life (HoL) compared with caffeine and CPAP alone. METHODS: Eligible neonates born at 24 weeks 0 days to 29 weeks 6 days of gestational age were randomly assigned to receive intravenous caffeine in the first 2 HoL followed by surfactant administration via the LISA method (intervention) or caffeine followed by CPAP (control).

Parental perspectives on a trial using waived informed consent at birth.

Objectives: To determine parental perspectives in a trial with waived consent.

Study Design: Anonymous survey of birth parents with term infants who were randomized using a waiver of consent, administered after infant discharge.

Results: 121 (11%) survey responses were collected.

Parental Perspectives on a Trial Using Waived Informed Consent at Birth.

Objectives: To determine parental perspectives in a trial with waived consent.

Study Design: Biological parents of non-vigorous term infants randomized using a waiver of consent for a delivery room intervention completed an anonymous survey after discharge.

Results: 121 survey responses were collected.

Umbilical Cord Milking Versus Delayed Cord Clamping in Infants 28 to 32 Weeks: A Randomized Trial.

Objectives: To determine whether rate of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or death among preterm infants receiving placental transfusion with UCM is noninferior to delayed cord clamping (DCC).

Methods: Noninferiority randomized controlled trial comparing UCM versus DCC in preterm infants born 28 to 32 weeks recruited between June 2017 through September 2022 from 19 university and private medical centers in 4 countries. The primary outcome was Grade III/IV IVH or death evaluated at a 1% noninferiority margin.

Prevalence of Baseline Cardiac Arrhythmias in Participants with Overweight or Obesity in Phase 1 Clinical Trials: Analysis of 24-Hour Holter Electrocardiogram Recordings.

Although estimates of the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in healthy volunteers exist, there is a lack of baseline data in other specific populations, such as people living with overweight and obesity, who are increasingly involved in clinical trials. This study investigated the baseline prevalence of arrhythmias in participants with overweight or obesity in 2 phase 1 trials of weight management medications (NCT03661879, NCT03308721). Participants aged 18-55 years, without a history of cardiovascular disease, and with body mass index (BMI) of 25.

Umbilical cord milking in nonvigorous infants: a cluster-randomized crossover trial.

Background: Delayed cord clamping and umbilical cord milking provide placental transfusion to vigorous newborns. Delayed cord clamping in nonvigorous newborns may not be provided owing to a perceived need for immediate resuscitation. Umbilical cord milking is an alternative, as it can be performed more quickly than delayed cord clamping and may confer similar benefits.

Teamwork and Adherence to Guideline on Newborn Resuscitation-Video Review of Neonatal Interdisciplinary Teams.

Background: Little is known about the importance of non-technical skills for the adherence to guidelines, when teams of midwives, obstetricians, anesthesiologists, and pediatricians resuscitate and support the transition of newborns. Non-technical skills are competences underpinning successful teamwork in healthcare. These are usually referred to as leadership, situational awareness, communication, teamwork, decision making, and coping with stress and fatigue.

Higher versus Lower Oxygen Concentration during Respiratory Support in the Delivery Room in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Pilot Feasibility Study.

Background: Optimal starting oxygen concentration for delivery room resuscitation of extremely preterm infants (<29 weeks) remains unknown, with recommendations of 21-30% based on uncertain evidence. Individual patient randomized trials designed to answer this question have been hampered by poor enrolment.

Hypothesis: It is feasible to compare 30% vs.

A Pilot Randomized Trial of Heart Rate Monitoring Using Conventional Versus a New Electrocardiogram Algorithm during Neonatal Resuscitation at Birth.

Current guidelines support the use of a cardiac monitor during neonatal resuscitation. Infants born preterm randomized to a novel electrocardiogram algorithm displayed a heart rate sooner than the conventional electrocardiogram algorithm. Although resuscitation outcomes were not different, the availability of an earlier heart rate may benefit neonatal providers during high-risk resuscitations.

Weight loss interventions and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Optimizing liver outcomes.

The growth in prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most important global health challenges. The three chronic diseases are closely linked in their epidemiology and pathophysiology. Currently, weight loss is the most effective treatment for NAFLD (even in the minority of patients with NAFLD who do not have obesity) and is recommended in all national and international guidelines.

Outcomes of delivery room resuscitation of bradycardic preterm infants: A retrospective cohort study of randomised trials of high vs low initial oxygen concentration and an individual patient data analysis.

Objective: To determine whether hospital mortality (primary outcome) is associated with duration of bradycardia without chest compressions during delivery room (DR) resuscitation in a retrospective cohort study of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in preterm infants assigned low versus high initial oxygen concentration.

Methods: Medline and EMBASE were searched from 01/01/1990 to 12/01/2020. RCTs of low vs high initial oxygen concentration which recorded serial heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO) during resuscitation of infants <32 weeks gestational age were eligible.

Future directions in obesity pharmacotherapy.

There is a growing unmet need for more effective treatment of obesity and its complications. While current anti-obesity medications are effective and offer real clinical benefits over diet and lifestyle interventions, they cannot meet the levels of efficacy and reduction of hard endpoint outcomes seen with bariatric surgery. As knowledge on the control of body weight unravels, the complexity of this physiology opens the opportunity to new druggable targets.

Body mass index trajectories among people with obesity and association with mortality: Evidence from a large Israeli database.

Objective: Previous studies using longitudinal weight data to characterize obesity are based on populations of limited size and mostly include individuals of all body mass index (BMI) levels, without focusing on weight changes among people with obesity. This study aimed to identify BMI trajectories over 5 years in a large population with obesity, and to determine the trajectories' association with mortality.

Methods: For inclusion, individuals aged 30-74 years at index date (1 January 2013) with continuous membership in Clalit Health Services from 2008 to 2012 were required to have ≥1 BMI measurement per year in ≥3 calendar years during this period, of which at least one was ≥30 kg/m.

Association between early cerebral oxygenation and neurodevelopmental impairment or death in premature infants.

Objective: To assess the relationship between cerebral oxygenation in the first 72 h of life and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 2 years corrected age in former premature infants.

Study Design: Prospective observational cohort study of 127 infants <32 weeks GA at birth with cerebral oxygenation monitoring using NIRS in the first 72 h of life.

Results: Using a threshold cutoff for cerebral hypoxia, infants with NDI or death had increased duration of hypoxia (4 vs 2.

Multicentre, randomised trial of preterm infants receiving caffeine and less invasive surfactant administration compared with caffeine and early continuous positive airway pressure (CaLI trial): study protocol.

Introduction: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or surfactant deficiency occurs primarily in premature infants resulting in composite outcomes of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Initial management strategies for preterm infants with RDS includes early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and titration of fractional inspired oxygen (FiO), and may include the use of less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) to avoid the need for mechanical ventilation. In order to optimise success of non-invasive support, the use of early caffeine therapy may be critical to the success of LISA.

A comprehensive descriptive assessment of obesity related chronic morbidity and estimated annual cost burden from a population-based electronic health record database.

Background: The growing prevalence of obesity and its complications pose a huge burden on the individual and health care systems worldwide. This study presents the frequency of multiple prevalent co-morbidities and estimated annual cost burden by body mass index (BMI) groups, age, and sex among the Israeli adult population to provide policy makers with further evidence to appropriately target interventions.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized population-based electronic medical records from the largest payer-provider health fund in Israel.

Early Cardiac and Cerebral Hemodynamics with Umbilical Cord Milking Compared with Delayed Cord Clamping in Infants Born Preterm.

Objective: To evaluate changes in cerebral oxygenation, peripheral arterial oxygenation, respiratory status, and administered fraction of inspired oxygen during the first 10 minutes of life in premature infants receiving umbilical cord milking compared with delayed cord clamping (DCC).

Study Design: Premature infants born at 23 to 27 weeks of gestation were randomized to umbilical cord milking or DCC. A near infrared spectroscopy sensor, pulse oximeter, and electrocardiogram electrodes were placed.