Concomitant antihypertensive medication and outcome of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate.

Background: The introduction of novel hormonal therapies represented by enzalutamide (ENZ) and abiraterone acetate (ABI) has reached a great progress in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The majority of mCRPC patients are elderly suffering from chronic co-morbidities requiring use of various concomitant medications. In the present study, we focused on impact of concomitant antihypertensive medication on the outcomes of mCRPC patients treated with ENZ or ABI.

Enzalutamide or Abiraterone Acetate With Prednisone in the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer in Real-life Clinical Practice: A Long-term Single Institution Experience.

Background/aim: Enzalutamide (ENZ) and abiraterone acetate with prednisone (AAP) represent novel hormonal therapies used in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The aim of the study was to assess the long-term outcome of mCRPC patients treated with ENZ or AAP in real-life clinical practice.

Patients And Methods: The outcomes of 337 mCRPC patients treated with ENZ or AAP were retrospectively analysed.

Extrahepatic bile duct malignancies.

Introduction: Biliary tract malignancies belong to very aggressive malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract. The only radical treatment is surgical resection which is possible only in a limited number of cases due to late diagnosis. The aim of this report was to present the experience of our own department with the diagnosis and treatment of these tumours.

Combination of Circulating Tumour DNA and F-FDG PET/CT for Precision Monitoring of Therapy Response in Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Study.

Background/aim: Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) represents an emerging biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We focused on the combination of ctDNA and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the follow-up monitoring of advanced-stage NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Eighty-four patients were enrolled in this study.

Treatment outcomes of MRI-guided adaptive brachytherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer: institutional experiences.

Purpose: Image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) is currently state of the art in the comprehensive treatment of patients with cervical cancer. Here, we report mature clinical data regarding IGABT of cervical cancer in a large patient sample, examining clinical outcomes, manifestations of late toxicities, and dosimetric findings.

Methods: Between May 2012 and October 2020, we performed a total of 544 uterovaginal IGABT applications in 131 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven cervical carcinoma not suitable for surgery.

Molecular testing in endometrial carcinoma (Joint recommendation of Czech Oncological Society, Oncogynecological Section of the Czech Gynecological and Obstetrical Society, Society of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, and the Society of Czech Pathologists).

Molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma is becoming an important part of the diagnostic process with direct therapeutic implications. Recent international guidelines, including the joint ESGO-ESTRO-ESP recommendation, include the molecular classification into standard diagnostic algorithms. Molecular testing of endometrial carcinomas is also recommended in the latest (5th) edition of the WHO classification of Female Genital Tumors.

The possibilities of molecular testing of somatic aberrations in tumor tissue using NGS in routine practice - current situation in the Czech Republic.

Molecular testing of tumor tissue for the detection of somatic aberrations using NGS is increasingly gaining significance in routine practice. The technical aspects of testing are standardized and currently do not pose a problem. However, the situation is evolving very rapidly regarding the indication of testing, which depends on the sometimes rapidly developing medical knowledge and needs in clinical practice.

Molecular testing in endometrial carcinoma - joint recommendation of Czech Oncological Society, Oncogynecological Section of the Czech Gynecological and Obstetrical Society, Society of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, and the Society of Czech Pathologists.

Molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma is becoming an important part of the dia-gnostic process with direct therapeutic implications. Recent international guidelines, including the joint recommendation of the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology, the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology and the European Society of Pathology include the molecular classification into standard dia-gnostic algorithms. Molecular testing of endometrial carcinomas is also recommended in the latest (5th edition) of the World Health Organization classification of female genital tumors.

Impact of Concomitant Cardiovascular Medication on Survival of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Sunitinib or Pazopanib in the First Line.

Background: Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are often elderly and have various comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases. Although these patients have extensive co-exposure to targeted therapy and cardiovascular drugs, the impact of this co-exposure on outcomes for patients with mRCC remains unclear.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the association between the use of cardiovascular medication and survival of patients with mRCC.

Inoperable CASTLE of the thyroid gland treated with radical radiotherapy with complete remission.

Carcinoma showing thymus-like elements (CASTLE) is an extremely rare malignant tumor of the thyroid gland and soft tissues of the neck with favorable prognosis. Histological features of the CASTLE are similar to thymic carcinoma, and it is assumed that it arises from the ectopic thymic tissue or the remnants of branchial pouches. The optimal treatment strategy is still uncertain because of the rarity of the tumor.

Metformin Use and the Outcome of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Sunitinib or Pazopanib.

Background: The anticancer properties of metformin have been suggested in numerous experimental studies and several retrospective clinical studies show that its use is associated with improved outcome of patients with cancer. However, limited data are available for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with targeted therapy. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of the metformin use on survival of mRCC patients treated with sunitinib or pazopanib.

Prediction of treatment response in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer using midtreatment PET/MRI during concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Purpose: We aimed to find metabolic, functional or morphological characteristics of the tumor predicting failure to achieve complete metabolic remission (CMR) by the midtreatment PET/MRI (positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging) in cervical cancer patients.

Methods: We evaluated 66 patients treated between August 2015 and November 2019 who underwent pretreatment staging, subsequent midtreatment evaluation, and definitive restaging 3 months after completing the whole treatment, all using PET/MRI. The pretreatment parameters (pre-SUVmax, pre-SUVmean, pre-MTV, pre-MTV‑S, pre-TLG, pre-TLG‑S [SUV: standard uptake value, MTV: metabolic tumor volume, TLG: total lesion glycolysis]), and the midtreatment parameters at week 5 during chemoradiotherapy (mid-SUVmax, mid-SUVmean, mid-MTV, mid-MTV‑S, mid-TLG and mid-TLG-S) were recorded.

Stewart-Treves syndrome: Case report and literature review.

Lymphangiosarcoma, or Stewart-Treves Syndrome (STS), is a very rare skin angiosarcoma with poor prognosis, which usually affects the upper limbs of patients who underwent breast cancer surgery, including axillary dissection followed by radiotherapy (RT). Cutaneous lymphangiosarcomas, which account for approximately 5% of all angiosarcomas, usually originate in the limb with chronic lymphedema. Lymphatic blockade is involved in the onset of STS.

Octreotide in the treatment of malignant thymoma - Case report.

Unlabelled: Thymomas are the most common mediastinal tumors. Systemic therapy for patients with unresectable or recurrent thymomas is a challenging field in the current oncology research. There is some evidence that somatostatin analogs combined with corticosteroids may have a role in the treatment of advanced malignant thymoma; however, the role of these agents have not been fully evaluated.

Association of miR-125b, miR-17 and let-7c Dysregulations With Response to Anti-epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: MicroRNAs (miRs) play an important role in the regulation of cancer-related processes and are promising candidates for cancer biomarkers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of response to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with selected miR expression profiles, including miR-125b, let-7c, miR-99a, miR-17, miR-143 and miR-145 in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included 46 patients with mCRC harbouring wild-type RAS gene treated with cetuximab or panitumumab combined with chemotherapy in first- or second-line therapy.

Regorafenib for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Analysis of a Registry-Based Cohort of 555 Patients.

Purpose: Regorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor approved for the therapy of previously treated metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). The aim of the present study was to analyze the outcomes of treatment with regorafenib in real-world clinical practice based on data from a national registry.

Methods: The CORECT registry, the Czech non-interventional database of patients with mCRC treated with targeted agents, searched for patients with metastatic CRC treated with regorafenib.

Outcomes According to MSKCC Risk Score with Focus on the Intermediate-Risk Group in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with First-Line Sunitinib: A Retrospective Analysis of 2390 Patients.

Background: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) prognostic model has been widely used for the prediction of the outcome of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients treated with systemic therapies, however, data from large studies are limited. This study aimed at the evaluation of the impact of the MSKCC score on the outcomes in mRCC patients treated with first-line sunitinib, with a focus on the intermediate-risk group.

Methods: Clinical data from 2390 mRCC patients were analysed retrospectively.

Immune-related Adverse Effects and Outcome of Patients With Cancer Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represents a novel anticancer treatment strategy. Monoclonal antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD1) and programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1) have shown efficacy and safety in the treatment of various malignancies. Some of them have recently found their place in a routine clinical practice, while others are at different phases of clinical trials.

Side Effects and Efficacy of Immunotherapy.

Background: Modern immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors is an innovative treatment, which is already used in the treatment of a number of malignancies, and many other checkpoint inhibitors have been investigated in clinical trials. Monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4) and PD-1 (programmed cell death-1) or PD-L1 (programmed cell death-1 ligand) are the most commonly used agents. The side effects of these treatments are similar in nature to those of autoimmune diseases.

Sequential Treatment with Bevacizumab and Aflibercept for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Real-World Clinical Practice.

Background: Bevacizumab and aflibercept are currently the mainstay of antiangiogenic therapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). They are often used in sequence with first- and second-line chemotherapy, especially in patients with RAS-mutated tumours.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the outcomes of patients with mCRC treated with the bevacizumab-aflibercept sequence in real-world clinical practice.

Practical instructions for testing and targeted therapy in adult patients with solid tumours with NTRK gene fusion in common clinical practice.

Background: Tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitors (TRKi) have been shown to produce a dramatic and long-lasting effect on tumours harbouring fusions of neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes. Due to the low incidence of these molecular aberrations in common types of solid adult tumours, the identification of patients eligible for the treatment with TRK inhibitors in routine clinical practice is a major challenge. The current methods for NTRK gene fusion testing include immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and several genomic assays using next-generation sequencing (NGS).