Organizational Learning in the Morbidity and Mortality Conference.

Introduction: The focus of morbidity and mortality conferences (M&MCs) has shifted to emphasize quality improvement and systems-level care. However, quality improvement initiatives targeting systems-level errors are challenged by learning in M&MCs, which occurs at the individual attendee level and not at the organizational level. Here, we aimed to describe how organizational learning in M&MCs is optimized by particular organizational and team cultures.

Himpathy and status: Attitudes to social hierarchy predict reactions to sexual harassment.

In three studies, we tested whether hierarchical preferences could explain differences in punishment recommendations for sexual harassment. Building on research that suggests punishment is used to regulate social hierarchies, we argue that individuals who are motivated to maintain existing hierarchies will treat male perpetrators of sexual harassment with greater leniency, especially when judging perpetrators of high social status. Conversely, we predict that egalitarians-who are motivated to reduce group-based hierarchies-will judge male perpetrators more harshly, especially those of high social status.

Mind the Gap: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Experiences of Adolescents and Parents in a Rheumatology Transition Clinic.

Background: The transition from pediatric to adult care is a critical time when adolescent patients and their families face many challenges. This period can be associated with an increase in disease-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study is to identify gaps in transition-related care to help guide areas for improvement.

Twitter misogyny associated with Hillary Clinton increased throughout the 2016 U.S. election campaign.

Online misogyny has become a fixture in female politicians' lives. Backlash theory suggests that it may represent a threat response prompted by female politicians' counterstereotypical, power-seeking behaviors. We investigated this hypothesis by analyzing Twitter references to Hillary Clinton before, during, and after her presidential campaign.

Cesario's framework for understanding group disparities is radically incomplete.

Cesario argues that experimental studies of bias tell us little about why group disparities exist. We argue that Cesario's alternative approach implicitly frames understanding of group disparities as a false binary between "bias" and "group differences." This, we suggest, will contribute little to our understanding of the complex dynamics that produce group disparities, and risks inappropriately rationalizing them.

Resin Infiltration Therapy: A micro-invasive treatment approach for white spot lesions.

The demand for esthetic dentistry has led to the development of new treatments for white spot lesions (WSLs). Microinvasive therapies, such as resin infiltration, have been used to treat demineralized enamel. Recently, resin infiltration using the active ingredient triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), has been used to restore WSLs.

Fairly Criticized, or Politicized? Conflicts in the Neuroscience of Sex Differences in the Human Brain.

Investigations of sex differences in the human brain take place on politically sensitive terrain. While some scholars express concern that gendered biases and stereotypes remain embedded in scientific research, others are alarmed about the politicization of science. To help better understand these debates, this review sets out three kinds of conflicts that can arise in the neuroscience of sex differences: academic freedom versus gender equality; frameworks, background assumptions, and dominant methodologies; and inductive risk and social values.

An Evidence-Based Protocol for Manual Prone Positioning of Patients With ARDS.

Background: Manual prone positioning has been shown to reduce mortality among patients with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, but it is associated with a high incidence of pressure injuries and unplanned extubations. This study investigated the feasibility of safely implementing a manual prone positioning protocol that uses a dedicated device.

Review Of Evidence: A search of CINAHL and Medline identified multiple randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses that demonstrated both the reduction of mortality when prone positioning is used for more than 12 hours per day in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and the most common complications of this treatment.

Developing and Implementing a Dedicated Prone Positioning Team for Mechanically Ventilated ARDS Patients During the COVID-19 Crisis.

Background: The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in China demonstrated at an early stage the high rate of moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the patient population. An intervention that has proved beneficial is the use of prone positioning (PP) for mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS. In one institution, PP was practiced in the medical ICU for this population.

Defining the latent period of epileptogenesis and epileptogenic zone in a focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) rat model.

Objectives: Focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) is one of the most common underlying pathologies in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. However, mechanistic understanding of FCDII fails to keep pace with genetic discoveries, primarily due to the significant challenge in developing a clinically relevant animal model. Conceptually and clinically important questions, such as the unknown latent period of epileptogenesis and the controversial epileptogenic zone, remain unknown in all experimental FCDII animal models, making it even more challenging to investigate the underlying epileptogenic mechanisms.

Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Oral Health Knowledge and Behaviour in Children.

Objectives: School-based interventions can establish positive behaviours that reduce the likelihood of oral diseases later in life. The Brush Day & Night (BDN) programme is a 21-day school-based educational programme to promote good oral health behaviours. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the BDN programme on oral health knowledge and behaviour outcomes in children after the intervention as compared to a control group over 24 weeks.

Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children.

Objectives: Poor oral hygiene can have an adverse effect on quality of life. School-based interventions can establish positive behaviours that reduce the likelihood of dental caries later in life. The Brush Day & Night programme aims to encourage good oral health behaviour and improve oral health and quality-of-life outcomes.

Rapid implementation of a mobile prone team during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high rates of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prone positioning improves mortality in moderate-to-severe ARDS. Strategies to increase prone positioning under crisis conditions are needed.

Post first-line dacarbazine or temozolomide in neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Objective: First-line chemotherapy in metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) is based on etoposide and platinum. However, there is no standard concerning second-line treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficacy and tolerance of dacarbazine or temozolomide in metastatic digestive NEC as post first-line treatment.

A 21-Day School-Based Toothbrushing Intervention in Children Aged 6 to 9 Years in Indonesia and Nigeria: Protocol for a Two-Arm Superiority Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The World Health Organization reports that dental cavities affect 60% to 90% of children globally. FDI World Dental Federation and Unilever Oral Care have developed public health programs to improve brushing habits over their 12-year partnership. The last of these (phase III) named Brush Day & Night aimed to educate children on brushing twice daily with a fluoride toothpaste and gave useful information for a new project, phase IV.

Cardiac changes associated with vascular aging.

Cardiovascular aging is a complex process of adaptive structural and functional changes over time. With advancing age, the arterial tree thickens and decreases in compliance, resulting in increased pulse wave velocity, systolic blood pressure, and left ventricular afterload. In response to these arterial changes, the myocardium remodels to maintain systolic function and diastolic filling.

Endoscopic management of 345 small rectal neuroendocrine tumours: A national study from the French group of endocrine tumours (GTE).

Introduction: Small rectal neuroendocrine tumours are good candidates for endoscopic resection provided that complete pathological resection (R0) is obtained and their risk of metastatic progression is low. We conducted a large multicentre nationwide study to evaluate the outcomes of the management of non-metastatic rectal neuroendocrine tumours ≤2 cm diagnosed endoscopically.

Patients And Methods: The medical records, the endoscopic and pathological findings of patients with non-metastatic rectal neuroendocrine tumours ≤2 cm managed from January 2000-June 2018 in 16 French hospitals, were retrospectively analysed.

Micropatterned biofunctional lubricant-infused surfaces promote selective localized cell adhesion and patterning.

Micropatterned biofunctional surfaces provide a wide range of applications in bioengineering. A key characteristic which is sought in these types of bio-interfaces is prevention of non-specific adhesion for enhanced biofunctionality and targeted binding. Lubricant-infused omniphobic coatings have exhibited superior performance in attenuating non-specific adhesion; however, these coatings completely block the surfaces and do not support targeted adhesion or patterning.

Endoscopic, transanal, laparoscopic, and transabdominal management of rectal neuroendocrine tumors.

Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (RNET) are rare tumors but their prevalence is constantly increasing due to a prolonged survival and rising incidence related to a growing number of colonoscopies and improved knowledge. Their main prognostic determinant is tumor stage. While most RNET are localized, their management should be tailored depending on the presence or absence of the factors predictive of lymph-node metastases including tumor size, endoscopic aspect, T stage, grade and lymphovascular invasion.

Beyond Mars and Venus: The role of gender essentialism in support for gender inequality and backlash.

It has been argued that gender essentialism impedes progress towards greater gender equality. Here we present a new gender essentialism scale (GES), and validate it in two large nationally representative samples from Denmark and Australia. In both samples the GES was highly reliable and predicted lack of support for sex-role egalitarianism and support for gender discrimination, as well as perceived fairness of gender-based treatment in the Australian sample, independently of two established predictors (i.