Formative research to adapt the 'Diabetes Prevention Program- Power to Prevent' for implementation in Bamako, Mali.

Background: There are few community-level behaviors change interventions for reducing diabetes and hypertension risk in Africa, despite increasing cases of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, this study was designed to adapt the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's "Diabetes Prevention Program Power to Prevent" (DPP-P2P) for use in low-income urban communities of Bamako, Mali.

Methods: Feedback was elicited on an initial French PowerPoint adaptation of the DPP-P2P session guidelines from stakeholders at the ministry of health, organizational partners, and medical care providers.

Food insecurity and the risk of HIV acquisition: findings from population-based surveys in six sub-Saharan African countries (2016-2017).

Objective: To assess the potential bidirectional relationship between food insecurity and HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa.

Design: Nationally representative HIV impact assessment household-based surveys.

Setting: Zambia, Eswatini, Lesotho, Uganda and Tanzania and Namibia.

Associations Between Mobility, Food Insecurity, and Transactional Sex Among Women in Cohabitating Partnerships: An Analysis From 6 African Countries 2016-2017.

Background: Mobile women are at risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa, although we lack evidence for HIV risk among women in mobile partnerships, especially in the context of household food insecurity, a growing concern in the region.

Setting: Women aged 15-59 years with a cohabitating male partner who participated in population-based HIV impact assessment surveys in Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.

Methods: We evaluated the association between women's and their partner's mobility (being away from home for more than 1 month or staying elsewhere) and transactional sex (selling sex or receiving money or goods in exchange for sex).

Comparing Resident Procedures in Rural Versus Urban Emergency Departments.

Background: Rural rotations can be a valuable experience for emergency medicine (EM) residents. To date, there has not been a retrospective cohort study comparing procedures performed at urban versus rural emergency departments (EDs).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare procedures performed by EM residents in urban versus rural EDs, with the hypothesis that there will be no significant difference in the procedures performed.

Migration in Namibia and its association with HIV acquisition and treatment outcomes.

Background: In the 21st century, understanding how population migration impacts human health is critical. Namibia has high migration rates and HIV prevalence, but little is known about how these intersect. We examined the association between migration and HIV-related outcomes using data from the 2017 Namibia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (NAMPHIA).

Lessons on Mass Gatherings Learned From the 2019 Union Cycliste Internationale Mountain Bike World Cup.

The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) Mountain Bike World Cup in 2019 provided unique challenges for effective prehospital care. While on-site medical care has demonstrated improved outcomes along with reduced emergency department and emergency medical services (EMS) utilization, this aspect has not been well documented in the literature with respect to rural mass gathering events (MGEs). Conducted at a large mass gathering event in a geographically isolated area, this study aimed to assess the medical needs at this specific event and will hopefully assist in future coordination of similar events.

Evaluating West Virginia's Emergency Medicine Workforce: A Longitudinal Observational Study.

Objective Although the urban emergency workforce is well studied, rural departments are less understood. This study seeks to further define the landscape of rural healthcare and expand on previous studies of the West Virginia (WV) workforce. Methods During the second quarter of 2019, surveys were sent via email to medical directors' professional IDs as anonymous survey links.

Value Utilization of Emergency Medical Services Air Transport in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Determining whether a patient has a time-critical medical condition requiring helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) transportation is a challenge with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although HEMS is largely accepted as improving outcomes in time-sensitive conditions, overtriage of patients ineligible for acute stroke therapies places patients and providers at unnecessary risk and wastes limited health care resources.

Objective: We sought to identify how accurate our triage system was at identifying high-yield EMS transfers.

Understanding childhood adversity in West Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Background: Despite research indicating the long-term impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), few studies identify cultural variations in perceptions of ACE in low-resource settings.

Objective: This study explores culturally-rooted notions of ACE and sources of vulnerability in two culturally distinct districts in West Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Methods: Data from 50 stakeholders were collected from four focus group discussions and nine semi-structured key informant interviews in Mamasa and Mamuju districts in West Sulawesi.

HABIT efficacy and sustainability trial, a multi-center randomized controlled trial to improve hydroxyurea adherence in youth with sickle cell disease: a study protocol.

Background: Hydroxyurea (HU) is recommended as standard practice for youth with sickle cell disease (SCD). Yet, despite its efficacy, HU adherence in adolescents and young adults is often poor. Poor medication adherence increases disease burden, healthcare cost and widens health disparities.

Expanding Acute Stroke Care in Rural America: A Model for Statewide Success.

The state of West Virginia (WV) is often seen as a health care desert with a scarcity of hospitals and resources. The prevalence of cerebrovascular disease and associated comorbidities are also some of the highest in the nation. Ischemic stroke is a time-sensitive diagnosis.

Spiritual assessment and spiritual care offerings as a standard of care in pediatric oncology: A recommendation informed by a systematic review of the literature.

Children with cancer and their families experience shifts in spiritual wellness from diagnosis through treatment and survivorship or bereavement. An interdisciplinary team conducted a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative research on spiritual assessments, interventions, and outcomes in childhood cancer following PRISMA guidelines using a PROSPERO registered protocol. Thirty-nine well-designed studies were included in the final analysis.

Association between severe drought and HIV prevention and care behaviors in Lesotho: A population-based survey 2016-2017.

Background: A previous analysis of the impact of drought in Africa on HIV demonstrated an 11% greater prevalence in HIV-endemic rural areas attributable to local rainfall shocks. The Lesotho Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment (LePHIA) was conducted after the severe drought of 2014-2016, allowing for reevaluation of this relationship in a setting of expanded antiretroviral coverage.

Methods And Findings: LePHIA selected a nationally representative sample between November 2016 and May 2017.

HABIT, a Randomized Feasibility Trial to Increase Hydroxyurea Adherence, Suggests Improved Health-Related Quality of Life in Youths with Sickle Cell Disease.

Objectives: To examine the effect of a community health worker (CHW) intervention, augmented by tailored text messages, on adherence to hydroxyurea therapy in youths with sickle cell disease, as well as on generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life (HrQL) and youth-parent self-management responsibility concordance.

Study Design: We conducted a 2-site randomized controlled feasibility study (Hydroxyurea Adherence for Personal Best in Sickle Cell Treatment [HABIT]) with 2:1 intervention allocation. Youths and parents participated as dyads.

Improving Human Resources for Health means Retaining Health-Workers: Application of the WHO-Recommendations for the Retention of Health-Workers in Rural Northern-Nigeria.

Introduction: Nigeria is one of 57 countries with critical shortage of health workers (HWs). Strategies to increase and equitably distribute HWs are critical to the achievement of Health Millennium/Sustainable Development Goals. We describe how three Northern Nigeria states adapted World Health Organisation (WHO)-recommended incentives to attract, recruit, and retain midwives.

Randomized feasibility trial to improve hydroxyurea adherence in youth ages 10-18 years through community health workers: The HABIT study.

Introduction: The main therapeutic intervention for sickle cell disease (SCD) is hydroxyurea (HU). The effect of HU is largely through dose-dependent induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Poor HU adherence is common among adolescents.

Metaphase Chromosome Preparation from Soybean (Glycine max) Root Tips.

This unit presents a highly reliable protocol to produce and screen metaphase chromosome spreads from root tip cell suspensions of soybean (Glycine max), or other legumes. The procedures represent soybean-optimized versions of protocols developed for maize. The use of pressurized nitrous oxide to reliably generate metaphase-arrested chromosomes is crucial to overcoming one of the challenges of working with tiny and numerous soybean chromosomes.

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Glycine max Metaphase Chromosomes.

This article presents protocols for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the cultivated soybean, Glycine max. The protocols represent soybean-optimized versions developed for maize. We describe the use of two different probes types: genomic-repeat-based fluorescently-tagged oligonucleotides and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs).

Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to assess the feasibility of an open label intervention to improve hydroxyurea adherence in youth with sickle cell disease.

Background: Community health workers (CHW) are increasingly recognized as a strategy to improve health outcomes for the underserved with chronic diseases but has not been formally explored in adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD). SCD primarily affects African American, Hispanic and other traditionally underserved populations. Hydroxyurea (HU), an oral, once-daily medication, is the only approved therapeutic drug for sickle cell disease and markedly reduces symptoms, morbidity and mortality and improves quality of life largely by increasing hemoglobin F blood levels.