Extracorporeal-CPR Versus Conventional-CPR for Adult Patients in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) utilizes veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in cardiac arrest patients to reduce the risk of mortality and multiorgan dysfunction from systemic hypoperfusion. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes of patients receiving ECPR versus conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) for refractory cardiac arrest.

Data Sources: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Airway, breathing, cellphone: a new vital sign?

Introduction: In emergency medicine, triage encompasses more than the initial prioritization of treatment; it also includes decisions about the most suitable level of care and disposition for each patient. However, the increasing use of mobile technology by patients in the emergency department (ED) introduces a new factor. This study aims to explore the relationship between patients' cellphone use at the time of initial assessment and final disposition in the ED.

The nutrition profile and utility of banana puree as a liquid thickener for medically complex infants with dysphagia.

Introduction: Dysphagia among infants, particularly high-risk and preterm neonates, poses feeding challenges that can impact multiple systemic outcomes and delay hospital discharge. Limited therapeutic options for approved thickening agents for human milk and infant formula necessitate the exploration of alternatives, including banana puree.

Method: This study investigated the feasibility of using banana puree as a thickening agent for hospitalized infants with dysphagia.

Multiple sclerosis subgroups: Data-driven clusters based on patient-reported outcomes and a large clinical sample.

Background: While standard clinical assessments provide great value for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), they are limited in their ability to characterize patient perspectives and individual-level symptom heterogeneity.

Objectives: To identify PwMS subgroups based on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms. We also sought to connect PRO-based subgroups with demographic variables, functional impairment, hypertension and smoking status, traditional qualitative multiple sclerosis (MS) symptom groupings, and neuroperformance measurements.

Focusing on mixed narrow band stimuli: Implications for mechanisms of accommodation and displays.

The eye has considerable chromatic aberration, meaning that the accommodative demand varies with wavelength. Given this, how does the eye accommodate to light of differing spectral content? Previous work is not conclusive but, in general, the eye focuses in the center of the visible spectrum for broadband light, and it focuses at a distance appropriate for individual wavelengths for narrowband light. For stimuli containing two colors, there are also mixed reports.

Patient attitudes and experiences towards exercise during oncological treatment. A qualitative systematic review.

Purpose: Exercise and physical activity (PA) during oncological treatment have many benefits. However, PA levels and adherence are often low. This systematic review of qualitative literature aims to explore the experience and the perceived barriers and facilitators to exercise and physical activity during treatment.

Estimating an EQ-5D-Y-3L Value Set for Brazil.

Introduction: The EQ-5D-Y-3L is a generic measure of health-related quality of life in children and adolescents. Although the Brazilian-Portuguese EQ-5D-Y-3L version is available, there is no value set for it, hampering its use in economic evaluations. This study aimed to elicit a Brazilian EQ-5D-Y-3L value set based on preferences of the general adult population.

Maternal Preconception Omega-6, Omega-3, and Omega-6:Omega-3 Intake and Uterine Artery Indices in Mid-Gestation.

Objective:  Maternal preconception diet influences pregnancy health and fetal outcomes. We examined the relationship between preconception fatty acid (FA) intake and uterine artery indices in mid-gestation in a large, heterogeneous cohort of nulliparous individuals.

Study Design:  This is a secondary analysis of the nuMom2b (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be) study.

Improving emergency medicine resident pediatric lumbar puncture procedural performance through a brief just-in-time video intervention.

Background: Emergency medicine (EM) trainee comfort level with lumbar puncture (LP) has decreased over time due to changing practice guidelines, particularly amongst pediatric patients. We implemented a "just in time" (JIT) brief educational video based on a previously published LP Performance Scoring Checklist to improve trainee efficiency and competence in LP performance.

Methods: Our pilot quasi-experimental study took place January-June 2022 within a large, academic Midwestern emergency department (ED) with an established 3-year EM residency program.

The risk of skin cancer in women who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

Background: It has not been clearly established if skin cancer or melanoma are manifestations of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carrier status. Estimating the risk of skin cancer is an important step towards developing screening recommendations.

Methods: We report the findings of a prospective cohort study of 6,207 women from North America who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

The World Health Organization was born as a normative agency: Seventy-five years of global health law under WHO governance.

The World Health Organization (WHO) was born as a normative agency and has looked to global health law to structure collective action to realize global health with justice. Framed by its constitutional authority to act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health, WHO has long been seen as the central actor in the development and implementation of global health law. However, WHO has faced challenges in advancing law to prevent disease and promote health over the past 75 years, with global health law constrained by new health actors, shifting normative frameworks, and soft law diplomacy.

Behind the Scenes: A Qualitative Investigation of Interviewers' Performance in EQ-5D Valuation Studies.

Background: The EuroQol Valuation Technology (EQ-VT) protocol is currently employed by the valuation studies of the EQ family of instruments worldwide. To date, all the evidence in support of the quality control (QC) originates from quantitative indicators.

Objective: We aimed to explore interviewers' conversational patterns in EQ-VT interviews, beyond quantitative QC indicators, and to provide a preliminary exploration of how the interaction between interviewer and respondent impacts data quality.

Content validity of the EQ-HWB and EQ-HWB-S in a sample of Italian patients, informal caregivers and members of the general public.

Background: The EuroQol Group recently developed two new instruments, the EQ Health and Wellbeing (EQ-HWB) and the EQ Health and Wellbeing short version (EQ-HWB-S). The EQ-HWB and EQ-HWB-S are intended to capture a broad range of health and broader quality of life aspects, which may be relevant to general public members, patients, their families, social care users and informal carers. This study assesses the content validity of the Italian version of the two instruments in a sample of Italian patients, social care users and informal carers.

Cumulative epinephrine dose during cardiac arrest and neurologic outcome after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Background: Epinephrine is recommended without an apparent ceiling dosage during cardiac arrest. However, excessive alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation may contribute to unnecessarily high aortic afterload, promote post-arrest myocardial dysfunction, and result in cerebral microvascular insufficiency in patients receiving extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adults (≥ 18 years) who received ECPR at large academic ECMO center from 2018 to 2022.

The Measurement Properties of the EQ-HWB and the EQ-HWB-S in Italian Population: A Comparative Study With EQ-5D-5L.

Objectives: The EQ Health and Well-being, EQ-HWB (25-item) and the EQ-HWB-S (9-item), are new generic measures of health and well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement properties of the EQ-HWB and EQ-HWB-S measures in relation to the EQ-5D-5L among the Italian general population.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2020 to February 2021, followed by secondary analysis of collected data from Italian adults.

Understanding Team Dynamics and Culture of Safety Using Video Reflexive Ethnography during Real-Time Emergent Intubation.

Endotracheal intubation is the third most common bedside procedure in U.S. hospitals.

Exploring the measurement of health related quality of life and broader instruments: A dimensionality analysis.

Background: Comprehensively measuring the outcomes of interventions and policy programmes impacting both health and broader areas of quality of life (QoL) is important for decision-making within and across sectors. Increasingly, broad QoL measures are being developed to capture outcomes beyond health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Jointly exploring the dimensionality of diverse instruments can improve our understanding about their evaluative space and how they conceptually build on each other.

Ocular accommodation and wavelength: The effect of longitudinal chromatic aberration on the stimulus-response curve.

The longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of the eye creates a chromatic blur on the retina that is an important cue for accommodation. Although this mechanism can work optimally in broadband illuminants such as daylight, it is not clear how the system responds to the narrowband illuminants used by many modern displays. Here, we measured pupil and accommodative responses as well as visual acuity under narrowband light-emitting diode (LED) illuminants of different peak wavelengths.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients in the Emergency Department with Left Ventricular Assist Devices.

Introduction: Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are increasingly common among patients with heart failure. The unique physiologic characteristics of patients with LVADs present a challenge to emergency clinicians making treatment and disposition decisions. Despite the increasing prevalence of LVADs, literature describing emergency department (ED) visits among this population is sparse.