Pharmacokinetics of naftidrofuryl in patients with renal impairment.

Naftidrofuryl (CAS 31329-57-4) is used, mainly in elderly patients, in the treatment of various vascular disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetics of naftidrofuryl after single oral administration of a 200 mg naftidrofuryl tablet (Praxilene) in caucasian male and female subjects with renal impairment versus healthy volunteers. This prospective and open study was conducted in three parallel groups: Group A = healthy subjects with a Cl(CR) > 80 ml/min, Group B = uraemic patients with a 20 < or = Cl(CR) < 40 ml/min, Group C = uraemic patients with a Cl(CR) < 20 ml/min.

[The flavonoids effect against vinblastine, cyclophosphamide and paracetamol toxicity by inhibition of lipid-peroxydation and increasing liver glutathione concentration].

The paracetamol and cyclophosphamid are metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450. The formed reactive intermediates are responsible of a hepatocyte depletion of the glutathion and a lipoperoxydation. the vinblastine is also a chemotherapeutic agent hepatotoxic and hematotoxic.

[Is it possible to reduce the incidence of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity?].

The incidence of nephrotoxicity due to aminoglycosides should be sharply reduced. The indications for prescribing these antibiotics should be limited to infectious disorders induced by aerobic Gram-negative bacteria and by some Gram-positive bacteria requiring treatment in specialized hospital units using an association of aminoglycosides and another antibiotic. Daily doses should not exceed those indicated by the manufacturer, and the length of treatment should be as short as possible, with a relay to other antibiotics that are not or are less nephrotoxic.

[A priority mission: prevention, early detection, identification of risk factors of progression of chronic renal insufficiency].

The prevalence of chronic renal failure is continuously increasing. The reasons are the lengthening life expectancy of the general population, the increasing age of the patient population benefitting from renal replacement therapy and the growing number of vascular and diabetic nephropathies leading to end-stage renal disease. The financial burden of treating renal failure is considerable, estimated at nearly 2 percent of the national health budget.

[Massive poisoning by African bee stings].

Background: Bee stings can cause severe toxic effects when envenomation is massive.

Case Report: While touring in Casamance (Southern Senegal) a white male was severely stung by a swarm of African bees. The massive envenomation caused rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis and acute renal failure.

[Extracapillary glomerulonephritis secondary to D-penicillamine. Apropos of 1 case and review of the literature].

Extracapillary glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in a 51-year-old woman after 11 months of D-Penicillamine treatment given for systemic sclerosis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies specific for myeloperoxydase were detected. Penicillamine was stopped and the patient was treated with plasma exchanges, cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids.

[Experimental and human nephrotoxicity induced by ochratoxins].

Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin: a dihydroisocoumarin derivative linked to L. beta phenylalanine. Ochratoxin A is produced by a number of Aspergillus and Penicillium species.

Altered flow-dependent vasodilatation of conduit arteries in maintenance haemodialysis.

Background: An altered arterial nitric oxide (NO) pathway could partly explain the damage to arteries observed in haemodialyzed (HD) patients. The present study was designed to non-invasively evaluate the NO pathway of peripheral conduit arteries in HD patients.

Methods: Twelve normotensive, non-diabetic HD patients treated with erythropoietin and 12 matched healthy controls (C) were included in the study.

Autoantibodies against a kidney--liver protein associated with quinolone-induced acute interstitial nephritis or hepatitis.

In the present study we report on four cases of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and two cases of hepatitis induced by quinolone. We show by immunoblotting analysis that all sera from these patients contained autoantibodies that recognize a 65-kDa protein expressed in normal human kidney and liver microsomes. Only 6% of sera from healthy individuals who did not ingest quinolone recognized the same protein.

Efficacy and Tolerability of Fosinopril 10mg and Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mg Combination in Elderly Patients with Mild to Moderate Hypertension : A French Multicentre Study.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of fosinopril l0mg (FOS) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 12.5mg versus placebo in the treatment of elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. The study included two distinct phases: Phase I was a short-term phase consisting of a 4-week single-blind, placebo lead-in period followed by a randomised, double-blind, parallel group where patients were treated with either a combination tablet of FOS 10mg with HCTZ 12.

[Interstitial nephropathies of toxic or drug origin. New causes, new prospects].

PHENOTYPING INTERSTITIAL INFILTRATIONS: Recent progress has led to the distinction between type I and type II fibroblasts in the renal interstitium. The cellular phenotype of pathological infiltrations can be identified with monoclonal antibodies. DRUG-INDUCED INTERSTITIAL NEPHROPATHIES: Extrarenal manifestations (skin eruptions, fever, joint pain) often suggests the diagnosis but may be absent, in which case renal histology is required.

Crescentic glomerulonephritis in juvenile chronic arthritis.

Juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) was diagnosed in 2 young girls. In one of them, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were strongly positive during the course of erosive polyarthritis. After 5 years followup, severe renal insufficiency occurred.

Pharmacokinetics of netivudine, a potent anti-varicella zoster virus drug, in patients with renal impairment.

The pharmacokinetics of a single oral 200 mg dose of netivudine (1-(beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-(1-propynyl)uracil), a nucleoside analogue under development for use in varicella zoster virus infections, were studied in 12 renal failure (RF) subjects (creatinine clearance 15 +/- 7 mL/min) and 12 age-matched healthy subjects with normal creatinine clearance. Blood and urine samples were collected up to nine days after drug administration. Concentrations of netivudine and of its main metabolite, the pyrimidine base 5-(1-propynyl)uracil (5 PU), were determined by a specific high performance liquid chromatography assay.

Kinetics, safety, and efficacy of ramipril after long-term administration in hemodialyzed patients.

We studied the efficacy and safety of ramipril and the kinetics of its active moiety ramiprilat in 12 hypertensive patients receiving regular hemodialysis, after a single dose and after long-term (28 days) administration. Patients received 2.5 mg ramipril after each hemodialysis.

The cellular toxicity of two antitumoural agents derived from platinum, cisplatinum versus oxaliplatinum, on cultures of tubular proximal cells.

There is a large scope for the use for cisplatin and its derivatives in the treatment of human malignancies. Nephrotoxicity is their most important use-limiting factor. The aim of this study has been to compare cisplatin (CDDP) and oxaliplatin (1-OHP), a new derivative, on cultures of tubular proximal cells.

Expression and subcellular distribution of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in primary cultures of rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells: comparative study with renal and hepatic PEPCK in vivo.

The behaviour of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in rabbit proximal tubule cells in primary culture was investigated and compared with renal and hepatic PEPCK in vivo. The enzyme activity decreased rapidly in rabbit proximal tubule cells developed in hormonally defined medium supplemented with glucose and insulin. In this condition, the cytosolic form disappears with time.

Renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion after acute and chronic administration of cicletanine in normotensive and hypertensive subjects.

We examined the effects of two therapeutic oral (p.o.) doses of cicletanine (50 and 100 mg daily) on renal hemodynamics and segmental tubular handling of sodium.

Effects of the medium HCO3-/CO2 buffer system on differentiation and intermediary metabolism properties of rabbit proximal tubule cells in primary culture.

In vivo, bicarbonate can affect proximal tubule intermediary metabolism, including gluconeogenesis, ammoniagenesis and maintenance of the mitochondrial substrate supply. In vitro, rabbit proximal tubule cells (RPTC) in primary culture revert from gluconeogenesis to glycolysis and their mitochondrial metabolism remains lower than in vivo. To determine whether the bicarbonate buffer system could have an effect on these deregulations, RPTC in primary culture grown in the absence of insulin and glucose in the culture medium were developed either with the standard sodium bicarbonate buffer with 5% CO2 or with a Hepes hydrogen ion buffer in the presence of 0.