The Effect of Psychopathology and Cognitive Functions on Caregiver Burden in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Objective: The caregiver burden in the relatives of patients with schizophrenia increases mental health problems in patients, complicates coping with the illness for families, and adversely affects the course of the illness. This study aims to investigate the effects of patients' psychopathology severity and cognitive functions on caregiver burden.

Method: Forty-four patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-5 and their primary caregivers were included in this cross-sectional descriptive study.

The relationship between peripheral immune cell markers and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between peripheral immune cell markers and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Methods: Thirty-five patients diagnosed with schizophrenia with a stable course and a control group of 35 individuals matched in terms of sex, education, and age were included in this cross-sectional study. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and the Stroop Test were used for neuropsychological evaluation.

Comparison of Preoperative and Postoperative Sexual Dysfunction in Male Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation.

Aim: To compare preoperative and postoperative sexual dysfunction in male patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

Material And Methods: This study was conducted in a single group with a pretest?posttest design. The sample included 32 male patients with LDH admitted to the neurosurgery outpatient clinic of a state hospital between August 1, 2019 and November 1, 2020 and who were about to undergo operation.

The Evaluation of Beck Anxiety Scale, Voice Handicap Index, and Brief Symptom Inventory on Treatment of Patients With Vocal Fold Nodules.

Introduction: Vocal fold nodules are benign lesions that cause hoarseness in all age groups including children, adolescents, and adults. These nodules may be caused either by singing or other causes of tension in vocal activity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological symptoms of adult patients with hoarseness and to investigate the relationship in psychological symptoms before and after voice therapy.

Blood levels of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cognitive functions in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction and immune system disorders are two actual issues for the patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The cognitive dysfunctions have been considered to substantial part of clinical phenomenon of OCD but exploration of various etiopathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction is needed. Immune dysfuncion has been implicated to be important part of pathopysiology of OCD and different lines of evidence suggests immune abnormalities in OCD.

The Relationship of Insight with Psychopathology and Neuropsychological Functioning in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of the different dimensions of insight with clinical variables, symptom severity, and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia.

Method: In this cross-sectional descriptive study,  66  out  patients that applied to the Karadeniz Technical University, Psychiatry Clinic and were diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV were evaluated. The patients were evaluated with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID-I), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and the Schedule for Assessing the Three Components of Insight (SAI).

[The Relationship of Interleukin-18 and Interleukin-6 Levels with Cognitive Functions in Bipolar Disorder].

Objective: Impairment in immune functions is proposed as a key factor in the cognitive decline in bipolar disorder (BD) however there is scarcity of research on the impact of inflammation on cognitive functions. Our aim is to compare IL-18 and IL-6 levels in BD patients and controls and to study the relationship between IL-18 and IL-6 levels and cognitive impairment METHOD: Thirty-six euthymic BD-I patients and 38 age, sex and educational level matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All participants were evaluated with neurocognitive tests.

The relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and cognitive functions in bipolar disorder.

Objective: Inflammation is an important factor in pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) analysis are used to predict peripheral inflammation. The aim of this study is to calculate neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratios, which are inflammatory markers, and investigate their effect on cognitive functions in euthymic patients with objective bipolar disorder.

Schizophrenia and Bipolar Affective Disorder: a Dimensional Approach.

Aim: Schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar affective disorder (BAD) are currently classified separately according to the DSM (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) and ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) standardized diagnostic guidelines. However, the validity of this categorical approach is controversial because psychotic symptoms may be observed in both diagnoses. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and social characteristics in a sample group consisting of patients diagnosed with SCH or BAD to help demonstrate the basic difficulty in the current classification of SCH and BAD as two etiologically distinct diseases.

[Adverse Effects of Medication and Quality of Life in Patients Receiving Second Generation Antipsychotics: A Comparison of Long Acting Injectable and Oral Therapies].

Objective: Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs for patients with schizophrenia is highly effective in decreasing the recurrence rate of the disease. In the current study, we aimed to compare long-acting second generation antipsychotic drug injections and oral forms of second generation antipsychotic drugs in terms of their adverse effects on quality of life.

Method: Forty-one patients receiving second generation antipsychotic drugs and 139 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were treated with oral second generation antipsychotic drugs and enrolled in the study.

The effects of edaravone in ketamine-induced model of mania in rats.

Bipolar disorder is a chronic disease characterized by recurring episodes of mania and depression that can lead to disability. This study investigates the protective effects of edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one), a drug with well-known antioxidant properties, in a model of mania induced by ketamine in rats. Locomotor activity was assessed in the open-field test.

Executive dysfunction and cognitive subgroups in a large sample of euthymic patients with bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BP), at the group level, is associated with significant but modest cognitive deficits, including executive dysfunction. Among executive functions, response inhibition deficits have been suggested to be particularly relevant to BP. However, BP is associated with significant heterogeneity in neurocognitive performance and level of functioning.

[The Prevalence of Night Eating Syndrome among Outpatient Overweight or Obese Individuals with Serious Mental Illness].

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Night Eating Syndrome (NES) among overweight or obese patients with serious mental illness and its relationship with insomnia and quality of life.

Methods: This study included 158 overweight or obese patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder (according to DSM-IV criteria) that were not in the active disease period. A clinical interview and Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) were used to assess the prevalence of NES among those in the study group.

Trazodone induced galactorrhea: a case report.

Trazodone is a heterocyclic antidepressant that exerts its effect via the inhibition of selective serotonin reuptake and the antagonism of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. Antidepressant-induced galactorrhea and increases in prolactin levels have rarely been reported. Trazodone can potentiate the serotonergic activity of citalopram.

A comparison of euthymic bipolar patients with unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy controls in terms of neuropsychological functions.

Objective: Cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder (BD) is well established in the literature. The neurocognitive deficits have been considered to be endophenotypic markers of BD, and studies have examined whether neurocognitive deficits exist in first-degree relatives of individuals with BD I. We hypothesized that performance in tests of neurocognitive function would be impaired in euthymic BD I patients and their unaffected first-degree relatives compared to that of healthy controls.