Diagnostic markers of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with severe asthma.

Introduction: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a lung disease in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis (CF) caused by chronic allergic inflammation to Aspergillus spp. antigens. The role of different immunological mediators in the formation of chronic allergic inflammation in patients with ABPA is not sufficiently explored.

Mechanism of Activation of Enteric Nociceptive Neurons via Interaction of TLR4 and TRPV1 Receptors.

Evidence obtained by immunohistochemical double labeling and confocal laser scanning microscopy suggests that capsaicin, a ligand of the TRPV1 nociceptive vanilloid receptor, increases the number of TLR4-positive neurons in the rat colon myenteric plexus. In colitis caused by trinitrobenzene sulfonate, an increase in TRPV1 expression was more significant in both plexuses. Specific inhibitor of the TLR4 (C34) pattern-recognition receptor reduces TRPV1 expression in enteric neurons of both intact rats and rats with induced acute colitis.

[Ultrastructural Patterns of Interactions between Murine Lung Macrophages and Yeast Cells of Cryptococcus neoformans Strains with Different Virulence].

This article presents the ultrastructural patterns of interactions between the murine lung macrophages and cells of low- (RKPGY-881, -1165, -1178) and high-virulence (RKPGY-1090, -1095, -1106) strains of Cryptococcus neoformans at the seventh post-experimental day. It was found that if macrophages ingest living yeast cells, the latter can: 1) become completely free from polysaccharide capsules, after that their contents undergo lysis, and cell wall debris are extruded from the macrophage (first scenario); 2) become partly free from their capsules, destroy the phagosomal plasma membrane and induce destructive processes inside the macrophage causing their death (second scenario); or 3) not lose their capsules and localize inside macrophage in latent state (third scenario). Macrophages can also ingest senescent and dead C.

[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with asthma: Results of a prospective study].

Aim: To estimate the frequency of fungal sensitization and the incidence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in asthmatic patients.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 140 asthmatic patients were examined. They underwent allergologic (skin tests for fungal allergens, estimation of total and fungal allergen-specific IgE levels) and mycological (microscopy and inoculation of respiratory biosubstrates) examinations.

[Common variable immunodeficiency in adults].

The paper analyzes 7 cases of common variable immune deficiency (CVID), a primary immunodeficiency disease. All the cases were detected in outpatients over the age of 40 years. The diagnosis was based on their history data and general clinical findings with due regard for the results of previously conducted functional studies, expert opinions, and the results of immunological studies including the quantitative and functional indices of T and B cells, phagocytes and the levels of immunoglobulins.

[Successful treatment for cryptococcal meningoencephalitis complicated by cerebral salt-wasting syndrome in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A clinical case].

Cryptococcus neoformans is a common agent of fungal meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome is one of the rare causes of severe hyponatremia in patients with CNS diseases. The paper describes the first clinical case of a patient, whose onset of chronic lymphocytic leukemia was complicated by cryptococcal meningoencephalitis presenting with mental disorders and severe electrolytic imbalance.

Expression of Pattern Recognition Receptors by Nociceptive Metasympathetic Neurons.

Immunohistochemical assay with double label and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that innate immunity receptor TLR4 is expressed predominantly in neurons of the intestinal Auerbach (myenteric) plexus, while vanilloid nociceptive receptor TRPV1 is expressed by neurons of Meissner (submucous) plexus. Immunohistochemical analysis with triple labeling revealed coexpression of TLR4 and TRPV1 in enteric neurons of rat colon. The results attest to a possibility of functional interaction between Toll-like and vanilloid receptors in the neuron level.

Cu (II)-catalyzed asymmetric henry reaction with a novel C1-symmetric aminopinane-derived ligand.

A novel C1-symmetric dinitrogen ligand was synthesized in high yield from commercially available (1R,2R,3R,5S)-(-)-isopinocampheylamine and 1-methyl-2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde. In combination with Cu(OAc)2H2O, this new ligand promote the reaction between nitromethane and aliphatic aldehydes with high yields (up to 97%) and moderate enantioselectivities (up to 67% ee). The reactions with benzaldehyde required prolonged reaction time that resulted in diminished yields, but accompanied with ee-values in the 55%-76% range.

Stereoselective synthesis of (all-Z)-hentriaconta-3,6,9,12,15,19,22,25,28-nonaene.

Several microorganisms produce small quantities of polyunsaturated hydrocarbons and such natural products are of interest. Starting from the ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid, the total synthesis of the natural product (all-Z)-hentriaconta-3,6,9,12,15,19,22,25,28-nonaene has been achieved in eight steps and 15% overall yield. The synthesis is based on a stereoselective Wittig reaction and confirms the all-Z-configuration of the nine double bonds in this highly unsaturated natural product.

[Participation of peripheral sensory structures of autonomic nervous system in the mechanisms of neuroimmune interactions].

On the basis of the electrophysiological research carried out with immunohystochemical methods on rats, it is found, that introduction of products of mast cell degranulation into blood as well as endogenous release of mast cell mediators with either the compound 48/80 or introduction of egg albumin to presensitized rats, enhances activity of mesenteric afferent nerve fibers. The obtained data provide evidence that intestinal afferents contribute an early signal to the brain regarding potential pathogens. The question of whether or not the intrinsic enteric neurons are involved in these processes, however, has not been carefully studied.

[An overview of the pulmonary sensory receptors].

The optimum realization to respiratory function depends on varied sensory feedbacks from ensemble of the sources of the body. Pulmonary sensory receptors are the initiating sites for lung reflexes. The information arriving from lungs and airways information is one of the most important feedbacks that provide the adaptation of the respiratory centre for producing of the pattern optimal in terms of work and force of breathing.

[Modern concepts of coding mechanisms of the visceral pain stimuli].

The review of the existing concepts on visceral pain mechanisms and mechanisms of processing nociceptive stimuli on the level of the sensory neurons of superficial segments of the dorsal cornus of the spinal cord was presented. Also the information on ion channels and receptors, which participate in transduction of pain signals are discussed.

[Disturbed brain bioelectric activity in patients with liver encephalopathy and cirrhosis].

Brain bioelectric activity in 52 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) was measured with respect to the degree of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) from the results of background and reactive EEG using West Haven criteria. As the severity of LC increased, signs of HE on background EEG appeared, index frequency and a-rhythm decreased and its amplitude increased. Reactive EEG was indicative of reduced duration, intensity, and decrement rate of responses to orientational loading (visual, somatosensorial, and auditory evoked potentials).

[The role of visceral receptors in the mechanisms of neuroimmune interactions in mammalian small intestine].

Exogenous administration of mast cell degranulation products into blood as well as their endogenous release induced by compound 48/80 or repeated egg albumin administration to sensitized rats proved to increase activity of mesenteric afferent nerve fibers in the small intestine. In addition, the primary contact with a foreign protein triggered a cascade of chemical processes mobilizing antioxidant systems and increasing nitric oxide production in the small intestinal tissues. Interleukin-1beta or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide injections also had a long-term stimulating effect on intestinal receptors.

[Psychovegetative disturbances in patients with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis combined with chronic opisthorchosis].

A complex clinico-instrumental, laboratory and psychological examination of 122 patients with chronic non-calculous cholecystitis (CNCC), 63 of who had chronic opisthorchosis (CO), was conducted. The controls were 33 healthy individuals. Patients with CNCC and CO had hypomotoric dyskinesia, Oddi's sphincter dysfunction, higher levels of personal anxiety and depression more often than others.

[Granulomatous thymitis with stromal amyloidosis].

In a surgically removed thymus of an 18 year old man granulomatous thymitis with lymphoid follicles, amyloidosis, pseudocysts were observed. Rare occurrence of this pathology, difficulty of the diagnosis, absence of the treatment concept make surgery a method of choice.

[Ten simultaneous operations in one patient].

In a patient, a woman of 62 years, one surgical team has performed consecutively over 3 h 45 min 10 operations for different diseases: extirpation of the uterus with appendages, removal of retroperitoneal fibrosarcoma, appendectomy, 30 cm-resection of the small intestine, polypectomy from the rectum, creation of sygmorectoanastomosis, plastic reconstruction of postoperative ventral hernia with duplication, sectoral resection of mammary gland, removal of papilloma and lipoma of abdominal wall. The outcome is favorable.

Changes in afferent impulse activity of small intestine mesenteric nerves in response to antigen challenge.

Sprague-Dawley rats (weight 130-150 g) were sensitized by an intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg chicken egg albumin with 0.25 ml Freund's adjuvant to stimulate immunoglobulin E antibody production. Leukocyte migration inhibitory factor was used as an indicator of animal sensitization.

[Cost benefit of detection and treatment patients with tuberculosis in Ivanovo region, Russian Federation].

To execute the tuberculosis control programme in the Ivanovo Region, the authors calculated the cost of detection of a tuberculosis case at patients' referrals to a therapeutical-and-prophylactic institution for medical aid and during prophylactic X-ray fluographic examinations and the cost of tuberculosis cure while treating the patient at a hospital in the intensive treatment phase (2-3 months) and in the outpatient setting or at a day hospital by the intermittent method in the continued treatment phase. The costs calculated were compared with those obtained by early approaches. The cost of detection of a tuberculosis case was 1580.