Publications by authors named "Filippo R"

Minimally invasive liver surgery has become widely accepted as a safe and effective approach, especially with experienced surgeons. Robotic hepatectomy may offer significant benefits in challenging procedures like caudate lobe resection. The caudate lobe's intricate anatomy and deep-seated location make its resection particularly challenging, with limited reports on minimally invasive techniques.

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Purpose: This study analysed the main artificial intelligence (AI) models for the diagnosis of cholesteatoma on computed tomography (CT), evaluating their performance and comparing them with each other. The increasing application of AI in radiology requires a systematic comparison of available methodologies.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, selecting relevant articles from the main databases.

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Serotonin (5-HT) is crucial for regulating brain functions such as mood, sleep, and cognition. This study presents a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of 5-HT receptors (Htrs) across ≈4 million cells in the adult mouse brain using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the Allen Institute. We observed differential transcription patterns of all 14 Htr subtypes, revealing diverse prevalence and distribution across cell classes.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Fasting-mimicking diets (FMD), specifically a low-salt version (LS-FMD), were tested in rats with kidney damage and were found to restore normal kidney function and structure by inducing a nephrogenic gene program.
  • - LS-FMD activated pathways that promote cell reprogramming in the kidney, specifically targeting podocytes, which play a critical role in kidney health.
  • - A pilot study in patients with chronic kidney disease showed that FMD cycles improved kidney function and reduced protein levels in urine, indicating potential for further research in treating progressive kidney diseases.
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Introduction: recent studies have shown that around 30 % of men and 20 % of women at the age of 70 have a hearing loss, rates that rise to 55 % and 45 % respectively at the age of 80. Treatment options include hearing aids and cochlear implants. Cochlear implant surgery under local anesthesia (L.

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Objective: We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the efficacy of Tailor-Made Notched Music Training (TMNMT) for primary subjective tinnitus in adults. The main goal was to evaluate TMNMT's impact on tinnitus symptoms.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we included randomized and non-randomized trials.

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Here, we used digital spatial profiling (DSP) to describe the glomerular transcriptomic signatures that may characterize the complex molecular mechanisms underlying progressive kidney disease in Alport syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy. Our results revealed significant transcriptional heterogeneity among diseased glomeruli, and this analysis showed that histologically similar glomeruli manifested different transcriptional profiles. Using glomerular pathology scores to establish an axis of progression, we identified molecular pathways with progressively decreased expression in response to increasing pathology scores, including signal recognition particle-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane and selenocysteine synthesis pathways.

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  • Antipodocyte autoantibodies cause primary membranous nephropathy (MN), a leading cause of nephrotic syndrome, and this was modeled using a glomerulus-on-a-chip system with anti-PLA2R antibodies.
  • The study found that MN serum exposure led to harmful IgG deposition and complement activation on podocytes, decreasing their ability to filter albumin, but blocking C3aR reduced this oxidative stress and leakage.
  • C3aR antagonism not only mitigated damage in vitro but also prevented proteinuria in a mouse model, highlighting C3a/C3aR signaling as a potential new treatment target for MN.
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Background: In recent years, minimally invasive liver resection has become a standard of care for liver tumors. Considering the need to treat increasingly fragile patients, general anesthesia is sometimes avoided due to respiratory complications. Therefore, surgical treatment with curative intent is abandoned in favor of a less invasive and less radical approach.

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Psychedelic agents, such as LSD and psilocybin, induce marked alterations in consciousness via activation of the 5-HT receptor (5-HTRs). We hypothesize that psychedelics enforce a state of synthetic surprise through the biased activation of the 5-HTRs system. This idea is informed by recent insights into the role of 5-HT in signaling surprise.

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Background: Since its introduction 2 decades ago, robotics has been increasingly used for resection of benign and malignant liver lesions. The robotic platform seems to preserve minimally invasive approach benefits, overcoming laparoscopy limitations. Robotic right liver mobilisation represents a key step for many robotic resections from non-anatomical resections of posterosuperior segments to right hepatectomy.

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Background: The spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare complication. The management of this complication needs a stepwise, multidisciplinary approach which considers first of all clinical conditions of the patient and also the possibility of the best curative treatment.

Methods: We report our experience of an emergency robotic liver resection for a ruptured HCC in an elderly patient.

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A nephrogenic progenitor cell (NP) with cancer stem cell characteristics driving Wilms tumor (WT) using spatial transcriptomics, bulk and single cell RNA sequencing, and complementary in vitro and transplantation experiments is identified and characterized. NP from WT samples with NP from the developing human kidney is compared. Cells expressing SIX2 and CITED1 fulfill cancer stem cell criteria by reliably recapitulating WT in transplantation studies.

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Hippocampal ripples are highly synchronous neural events critical for memory consolidation and retrieval. A minority of strong ripples has been shown to be of particular importance in situations of increased memory demands. The propagation dynamics of strong ripples inside the hippocampal formation are, however, still opaque.

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Background: Liver resection (LR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are considered curative options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to compare outcomes after LR and RFA in octogenarian patients with HCC.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 102 elderly patients (> 80 years old) treated between January 2009 and January 2019, who underwent LR or RFA for HCC (65 and 37 with, respectively).

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  • The ChoCO-W study aimed to examine the effects of COVID-19 on the clinical presentation and outcomes of acute cholecystitis, particularly focusing on the rise of gangrenous cases during the pandemic.
  • Over 2,800 patients from 42 countries were enrolled, with a notable 6.9% testing positive for COVID-19, revealing a significantly higher prevalence of preexisting conditions and more severe outcomes in this group compared to those without the virus.
  • Patients with COVID-19 experienced higher postoperative complications (32.2% vs. 11.7%), longer hospital stays (13.21 days vs. 6.51 days), increased mortality rates (13.4% vs. 1.7
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Background: No effective method has yet been developed to efficiently reconstruct the larynx and restore its function. Decellularization has recently been tested for this purpose with very promising results. The goal of decellularization is to remove cells leaving an intact scaffold made of an extracellular matrix (ECM).

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The pursuit of this paper is to collect principal reviews and systematic reviews about hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and cytoreductive surgery (CRS) used in colorectal cancer (CRC). We focus on principal biological aspects of CRC, hyperthermia effects, and surgical procedures. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE for the principal reviews and systematic reviews published from 2010 to 2021 regarding the bimodal treatment (CRS + HIPEC) against local and advanced CRC.

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common gastrointestinal tumor in men and the third in women. Left-hemicolectomy (LC) and low anterior resection (LAR) are considered the gold standard curative treatment. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the presence or absence of post-operative complications, in all patients who underwent Video-laparoscopic (VLS) LAR/LC with No Coil trans-anal tube positioning, and compared the data with the current literature on the topic.

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Aim: Scrotal ultrasounds are utilised in some primary care settings for suspected cryptorchidism, despite inaccuracies. We aim to identify the correlation between ultrasound and primary care provider (PCP) findings of undescended testicles (UDTs) as a potential source of confirmation bias.

Methods: Males referred for suspected UDT by PCPs who underwent scrotal ultrasound and paediatric urologist examination from 2014 to 2019 were included.

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Purpose: To compare the prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) diagnosed by renal scintigraphy (RS) versus follow-up renal ultrasound (RUS) alone.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients seen at a tertiary care center from 2010 to 2020 with MCDK diagnosed by RS or follow-up RUS. Differences in the prevalence of VUR, fUTI, and CKD by cohort were assessed using logistic regression analysis, Pearson X , and Fisher's Exact tests.

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Progression of glomerulosclerosis is associated with loss of podocytes with subsequent glomerular tuft instability. It is thought that a diminished number of podocytes may be able to preserve tuft stability through cell hypertrophy associated with cell cycle reentry. At the same time, reentry into the cell cycle risks podocyte detachment if podocytes cross the G1/S checkpoint and undergo abortive cytokinesis.

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Background: Hydronephrosis (HN) is the most common abnormality detected on prenatal ultrasound. This study sought to stratify outcomes of patients by severity of prenatal HN with postnatal outcomes.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients referred to a tertiary care fetal-maternal clinic with diagnosis of prenatal HN from 2004 to 2019.

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Serotonin (5-HT) is one of the major neuromodulators present in the mammalian brain and has been shown to play a role in multiple physiological processes. The mechanisms by which 5-HT modulates cortical network activity, however, are not yet fully understood. We investigated the effects of 5-HT on slow oscillations (SOs), a synchronized cortical network activity universally present across species.

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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Anastomotic leak (AL) and prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI) are two important complications of colorectal surgery. In this observational retrospective study, we evaluated the positive effects of transanal tube No Coil® in patients with CRC undergoing low anterior resection (LAR) and left hemicolectomy (LC).

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