Management Approaches for High-Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Perineural Invasion: An Updated Review.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) stands as the second most prevalent non-melanoma skin cancer worldwide, comprising approximately 20% of all cutaneous malignancies. Determining its precise incidence poses challenges; however, reports indicate a global increase in its prevalence. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of cSCCs are localized, resulting in favorable 5-year cure rates surpassing 90%.

Reconceiving Perineural Invasion in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Biological to Histopathological Assessment.

Background: Perineural invasion (PNI) is a complex molecular process histologically represented by the presence of tumor cells within the peripheral nerve sheath and defined when infiltration into the 3 nerve sheath layers can be clearly identified. Several molecular pathways have been implicated in cSCC. PNI is a well-recognized risk factor in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and its accurate assessment represents a challenging field in pathology daily practice.

Recurrent USP6 rearrangement in a subset of atypical myofibroblastic tumours of the soft tissues: low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma or atypical/malignant nodular fasciitis?

Aims: Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rarely metastasizing myofibroblastic tumour mostly affecting extremities and the head and neck of adults. Histologically, it shows long infiltrative fascicles of spindle cells with moderate nuclear atypia. By immunohistochemistry, it stains positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and sometimes for desmin.

Re-irradiation for recurrent intracranial meningiomas: Analysis of clinical outcomes and prognostic factors.

Purpose: Re-irradiation (re-RT) for recurrent intracranial meningiomas is hindered by the limited radiation tolerance of surrounding tissue and the risk of side effects. This study aimed at assessing outcomes, toxicities and prognostic factors in a cohort of patients with recurrent meningiomas re-treated with different RT modalities.

Materials And Methods: A multi-institutional database from 8 Italian centers including intracranial recurrent meningioma (RM) patients who underwent re-RT with different modalities (SRS, SRT, PT, EBRT) was collected.

Perineural invasion score system and clinical outcomes in resected pancreatic cancer patients.

Background/objectives: Perineural invasion (PNI), classified according to its presence or absence in tumor specimens, is recognized as a poor prognostic factor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Herein, we identified five histological features of PNI and investigated their impact on survival outcomes of PDAC resected patients.

Methods: Five histopathological features of PNI (diameter, number, site, sheath involvement, and mitotic figures within perineural invasion) were combined in an additional final score (ranging from 0 to 8), and clinical data of PDAC patients were retrospectively analyzed.

Leat-associated seizures the possible role of EAAT2, pyruvate carboxylase and glutamine synthetase.

Background: Drug-resistant epilepsy is a common condition in patients with brain neoplasms. The pathogenesis of tumor-associated seizures is poorly understood. Among the possible pathogenetic mechanisms, the increase in glutamate concentration has been proposed.

External auditory canal ectopic atypical meningioma: A case report and brief literature review.

Meningiomas are tumours typically derived from the meningothelial cells of the arachnoid mater. They most often arise in intracranial, intraspinal, or orbital locations. Ectopic meningiomas, described as primary meningiomas with no intracranial involvement, are definitely unconventional.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate pathway is dysregulated in adenomyosis.

Research Question: Is sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) pathway involved in the process of fibrosis in adenomyosis?

Design: RNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded slices collected from the ectopic endometrium of patients with nodular adenomyosis (n = 27) and eutopic endometrium of healthy controls women (n = 29). Expression of genes involved in the metabolism and signalling of S1P, and actin-alpha-2 smooth muscle, encoded by ACTA2 gene, a gene involved in fibrogenesis, was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Results: In adenomyotic samples, the expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of S1P, and of S1P phosphatase 2 (SGPP2), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of S1P back to sphingosine, was lower (P = 0.

NTRK Fusions Detection in Paediatric Sarcomas to Expand the Morphological Spectrum and Clinical Relevance of Selected Entities.

Undifferentiated round cell sarcomas (URCS) of soft tissue and bone and tumours of uncertain differentiation (TUD) are commonly ascribed to a subset of neoplasms with low frequency of NTRK gene fusions. However, more recently NTRK-rearranged round and spindle cell tumours have been noted in case reports and in limited or heterogeneous cohorts. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of NTRK gene fusions in a large retrospective cohort of paediatric URCS and TUD after a systematic review of the diagnosis, according to the recently updated WHO classification scheme.

NTRK Gene Fusion Detection in Atypical Spitz Tumors.

Atypical Spitz tumors (AST) deviate from stereotypical Spitz nevi for one or more atypical features and are now regarded as an intermediate category of melanocytic tumors with uncertain malignant potential. Activating fusions elicit oncogenic events in Spitz lesions and are targetable with kinase inhibitors. However, their prevalence among ASTs and the optimal approach for their detection is yet to be determined.