Repurposing doxycycline for Alzheimer's treatment: Challenges from a nano-based drug delivery perspective.

Drug repurposing, also known as drug repositioning, involves identifying new applications for drugs whose effects in a disease are already established. Doxycycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class, has demonstrated potential activity against neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. However, despite its promise, the repurposed use of doxycycline encounters challenges in reaching the brain in adequate concentrations to exert its effects.

Latest on Anabolic Agents for Osteoporosis Treatment.

In the last decades, novel therapeutics with anabolic bone properties have been developed and are currently used in the management of osteoporosis particularly in patients with high-risk of fragility fractures. These drugs include PTH-Related Analogues, teriparatide and abaloparatide, and the anti-sclerostin agent romosozumab, this latter drug currently approved only in female patients. Their efficacies in preventing fragility fractures are widely demonstrated and their potential serious side effects were progressively downgraded, including risk of malignancies in teriparatide- and cardiovascular events in romosozumab-users, respectively.

Long COVID and pituitary dysfunctions: a bidirectional relationship?

Long COVID is a novel emerging syndrome known to affect multiple health areas in patients previously infected by SARS-CoV-2 markedly impairing their quality of life. The pathophysiology of Long COVID is still largely poorly understood and multiple mechanisms were proposed to underlie its occurrence, including alterations in the hormonal hypothalamic-pituitary axes. Aim of this review is to present and discuss the potential negative implications of these hormonal dysfunctions in promoting and influencing the Long COVID syndrome.

Effective Mosquito Repellents: Myrcene- and Cymene-Loaded Nanohydrogels against .

Aedes mosquito-borne diseases remain a significant global health threat, necessitating effective control strategies. This study introduces monoterpenes-based nanohydrogels for potential use as repellents against , the primary dengue vector worldwide. We formulated hydrogels using cymene- and myrcene-based nanoemulsions with different polymers: chitosan, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and carbopol.

Cellulose from bacteria as a delivery system for improved treatment of infectious diseases: A review of updates and prospects.

Cellulose from bacteria is a high-purity biomaterial naturally produced by bacteria as part of their metabolic process. Although it inherently lacks antimicrobial activity, its modification with bioactive substances can significantly enhance its efficacy beyond that of the original compounds. This biomaterial features a unique ability to retain substantial quantities of liquids within its three-dimensional network, making it a prime candidate for biomedical applications.

Formulation of a Novel Hesperetin-Loaded Nanoemulsion and Its Promising Effect on Osteogenesis.

Alternative therapies associating natural products and nanobiotechnology show new perspectives on controlled drug release. In this context, nanoemulsions (NEs) present promising results for their structural design and properties. Hesperetin (HT), a flavonoid mainly found in citrus fruits, presents highlighted bone benefits.

Novel protective circulating miRNA are associated with preserved vitamin D levels in patients with mild COVID-19 presentation at hospital admission not progressing into severe disease.

Purpose: Low vitamin D levels were reported to negatively influence the outcomes of acute COVID-19, as well as other biochemical markers were linked to COVID-19, including microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aimed to prospectively evaluate miRNAs and vitamin D relationship in predicting COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods: COVID-19 patients were part of a previously reported cohort and enrolled in a matched-ratio based on the presence/or not of severe disease at hospital admission.

High prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures opportunistically detected on thoracic radiograms in patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma.

Purpose: Vertebral fractures (VFs), the hallmark of skeletal fragility, have been reported as an emerging complication in patients with pituitary diseases associated with hormonal excess and/or deficiency, independently from bone mineral density. Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is amongst the most frequent pituitary adenomas; however, skeletal health in this context has never been investigated. We aimed at assessing the prevalence and the determinants of morphometric VFs in patients with NFPA.

Consensus Statement on Vitamin D Status Assessment and Supplementation: Whys, Whens, and Hows.

The 6th International Conference, "Controversies in Vitamin D," was convened to discuss controversial topics, such as vitamin D metabolism, assessment, actions, and supplementation. Novel insights into vitamin D mechanisms of action suggest links with conditions that do not depend only on reduced solar exposure or diet intake and that can be detected with distinctive noncanonical vitamin D metabolites. Optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels remain debated.

Connected Speech Fluency in Poststroke and Progressive Aphasia: A Scoping Review of Quantitative Approaches and Features.

Purpose: Speech fluency has important diagnostic implications for individuals with poststroke aphasia (PSA) as well as primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and quantitative assessment of connected speech has emerged as a widely used approach across both etiologies. The purpose of this review was to provide a clearer picture on the range, nature, and utility of individual quantitative speech/language measures and methods used to assess connected speech fluency in PSA and PPA, and to compare approaches across etiologies.

Method: We conducted a scoping review of literature published between 2012 and 2022 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.

New insights into the vitamin D/PTH axis in endocrine-driven metabolic bone diseases.

Background: Endocrine regulation of bone metabolisms is the focus of the "Skeletal Endocrinology" series of meetings.

Aims: To report on the outcome of the discussion on the role of vitamin D/PTH axis in endocrine osteopathies held during the 10 Skeletal Endocrinology Meeting which took place in Stresa (Italy) in March 2023.

Outcomes: Vitamin D/PTH axis has relevant influence on several outcomes in the general population and in patients affected by endocrinopathies such as hypoparathyroidism and secreting pituitary adenomas.

Fat-to-blood recirculation of partially dysfunctional PD-1CD4 Tconv cells is associated with dysglycemia in human obesity.

Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of T cells in insulin-sensitive tissues, including the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), that can interfere with the insulin signaling pathway eventually leading to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Here, we found that PD-1CD4 conventional T (Tconv) cells, endowed with a transcriptomic and functional profile of partially dysfunctional cells, are diminished in VAT of obese patients with dysglycemia (OB-Dys), without a concomitant increase in apoptosis. These cells showed enhanced capacity to recirculate into the bloodstream and had a non-restricted TCRβ repertoire divergent from that of normoglycemic obese and lean individuals.

Larvicidal properties of terpenoid-based nanoemulsions against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti L. and their potential toxicity against non-target organism.

The development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes of public health importance has encouraged extensive research into innovative vector control methods. Terpenes are the largest among Plants Secondary Metabolites and have been increasingly studied for their potential as insecticidal control agents. Although promising, terpenes are insoluble in water, and they show low residual life which limits their application for vector control.

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against .

Plant-based insecticides offer advantages such as negligible residual effects, reduced risks to both humans and the environment, and immunity to resistance issues that plague conventional chemicals. However, the practical use of monoterpenes in insect control has been hampered by challenges including their poor solubility and stability in aqueous environments. In recent years, the application of nanotechnology-based formulations, specifically nanoemulsions, has emerged as a prospective strategy to surmount these obstacles.

Transition from Hashimoto thyroiditis to Graves's Disease: an unpredictable change?

Purpose: Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves's disease are two related autoimmune disorders, representing the leading causes of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Autoimmune hypothyroidism is generally irreversible but very rarely, some patients would shift to hyperthyroidism. The aim of the study was to seek for possible clinical predictors of the transition from hypo to hyperthyroidism in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and to outline their clinical phenotype.

Targeted Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Strategy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: A Review.

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive malignant tumor that affects the central nervous system, with high mortality and low survival. Glioblastoma multiforme treatment includes resection tumor surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy adjuvants. However, the drugs used in chemotherapy present some limitations, such as the difficulty of crossing the bloodbrain barrier and resisting the cellular mechanisms of drug efflux.