Repeatedly non-diagnostic thyroid nodules: the experience of two thyroid clinics.

Background: The clinical management of repeatedly non-diagnostic thyroid nodules (RNDNs) via fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAc) is a matter of debate because current recommendations and clinical practice are not based on high-quality evidence. Our purpose was to characterize RNDNs and evaluate their clinical management in our centers.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 319 consecutive patients who underwent ultrasound (US-)guided FNAc in two Italian academic hospitals between 2016 and 2020 and had previous cytology non-diagnostic result (TIR1).

Eicosapentaenoic Acid: between Cardiovascular Benefits and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation.

In recent years, scientific research has increasingly focused on the cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplements. The most promising results emerged from the new trials on a high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-only approach, instead of the previously prescribed therapy with EPA + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The evidence of the reduction of cardiovascular events in patients at high cardiovascular risk with EPA is intriguing.

The Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids on Glucose Metabolism: An Updated Review.

Massive changes have occurred in our diet. A growing consumption of vegetal oils rich in omega-6 (ω-6) and a depletion of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (FAs) in our food has led to an imbalance between ω-3 and ω-6. In particular, eicosapentaenoic (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio seems to be an indicator of this derangement, whose reduction is associated to the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus.

[Identifying possible homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients: an Italian experts' opinion].

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare genetic disease characterized by high plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and massive risk of premature atheromasia and cardiovascular events. HoFH is caused by mutations in several genes, such as LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 and LDLRAP1. If untreated, the average age of death is 18 years old, but fatalities within the first 5 years of age have been recorded.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals: effects on pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands.

Background: In recent years, scientific research has increasingly focused on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and demonstrated their relevant role in the functional impairment of endocrine glands. This induced regulatory authorities to ban some of these compounds and to carefully investigate others in order to prevent EDCs-related conditions. As a result, we witnessed a growing awareness and interest on this topic.

Association of Urine Metanephrine Levels with CardiometaBolic Risk: An Observational Retrospective Study.

No research has explored the role of catecholamine metabolites in the stratification of cardiovascular risk. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between urine metanephrines and cardiometabolic risk/complications. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we collected the data of 1374 patients submitted to the evaluation of urine metanephrines at the City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin between 2007 and 2015, mainly for investigating the suspicion of secondary hypertension or the secretion of an adrenal lesion.