TNBS colitis induces architectural changes and alpha-synuclein overexpression in mouse distal colon: A morphological study.

Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is widely expressed in presynaptic neuron terminals, and its structural alterations play an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Aggregated α-syn has been found in brain, in the peripheral nerves of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and in the intestinal neuroendocrine cells during synucleinopathies and inflammatory bowel disorders. In the present study, we evaluated the histomorphological features of murine colon with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, a common model of colitis.

Genome-wide association study of common resistance to rust species in tetraploid wheat.

Rusts of the genus are wheat pathogens. Stem (black; Sr), leaf (brown; Lr), and stripe (yellow; Yr) rust, caused by f. sp.

Durum wheat heat tolerance loci defined via a north-south gradient.

The global production of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is hindered by a constant rise in the frequency of severe heat stress events. To identify heat-tolerant germplasm, three different germplasm panels ("discovery," "investigation," and "validation") were studied under a range of heat-stressed conditions.

Genomic regions of durum wheat involved in water productivity.

Durum wheat is a staple food in the Mediterranean Basin, mostly cultivated under rainfed conditions. As such, the crop is often exposed to moisture stress. Therefore, the identification of genetic factors controlling the capacity of genotypes to convert moisture into grain yield (i.

What plant breeding may (and may not) look like in 2050?

At the turn of 2000 many authors envisioned future plant breeding. Twenty years after, which of those authors' visions became reality or not, and which ones may become so in the years to come. After two decades of debates, climate change is a "certainty," food systems shifted from maximizing farm production to reducing environmental impact, and hopes placed into GMOs are mitigated by their low appreciation by consumers.

Association Mapping of Resistance to Tan Spot in the Global Durum Panel.

Tan spot, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen (Ptr), is an important disease of durum and common wheat worldwide. Compared with common wheat, less is known about the genetics and molecular basis of tan spot resistance in durum wheat. We evaluated 510 durum lines from the Global Durum Wheat Panel (GDP) for sensitivity to the necrotrophic effectors (NEs) Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB and for reaction to Ptr isolates representing races 1 to 5.

Evaluation of Durum Wheat Genotypes for Resistance against Root Rot Disease Caused by Moroccan Fusarium culmorum Isolates.

Fusarium culmorum is one of the most important causal agents of root rot of wheat. In this study, 10 F. culmorum isolates were collected from farms located in five agro-ecological regions of Morocco.

Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm.

Wheat ( sp.) is one of the world's most important crops, and constantly increasing its productivity is crucial to the livelihoods of millions of people. However, more than a century of intensive breeding and selection processes have eroded genetic diversity in the elite genepool, making new genetic gains difficult.

Genomic Regions Associated with the Control of Flowering Time in Durum Wheat.

Flowering time is a critical stage for crop development as it regulates the ability of plants to adapt to an environment. To understand the genetic control of flowering time, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify the genomic regions associated with the control of this trait in durum wheat ( Desf.).

Adaptive Traits to Improve Durum Wheat Yield in Drought and Crown Rot Environments.

Durum wheat ( L. ssp. ) production can experience significant yield losses due to crown rot (CR) disease.

Combining QTL Analysis and Genomic Predictions for Four Durum Wheat Populations Under Drought Conditions.

Durum wheat is an important crop for the human diet and its consumption is gaining popularity. In order to ensure that durum wheat production maintains the pace with the increase in demand, it is necessary to raise productivity by approximately 1.5% per year.

A Major Root Architecture QTL Responding to Water Limitation in Durum Wheat.

The optimal root system architecture (RSA) of a crop is context dependent and critical for efficient resource capture in the soil. Narrow root growth angle promoting deeper root growth is often associated with improved access to water and nutrients in deep soils during terminal drought. RSA, therefore is a drought-adaptive trait that could minimize yield losses in regions with limited rainfall.

Genome-Wide Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Tunisian Durum Wheat Landraces Based on DArTseq Technology.

Tunisia, being part of the secondary center of diversity for durum wheat, has rich unexploited landraces that are being continuously lost and replaced by high yielding modern cultivars. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 196 durum wheat lines issued from landraces collected from Tunisia using Diversity Array Technology sequencing (DArTseq) and to understand possible ways of introduction in comparing them to landraces from surrounding countries. A total of 16,148 polymorphic DArTseq markers covering equally the A and B genomes were effective to assess the genetic diversity and to classify the accessions.

Speed breeding for multiple quantitative traits in durum wheat.

Background: Plant breeding requires numerous generations to be cycled and evaluated before an improved cultivar is released. This lengthy process is required to introduce and test multiple traits of interest. However, a technology for rapid generation advance named 'speed breeding' was successfully deployed in bread wheat ( L.

Genetic Diversity within a Global Panel of Durum Wheat Landraces and Modern Germplasm Reveals the History of Alleles Exchange.

Durum wheat is the 10th most important crop in the world, and its use traces back to the origin of agriculture. Unfortunately, in the last century only part of the genetic diversity available for this species has been captured in modern varieties through breeding. Here, the population structure and genetic diversity shared among elites and landraces collected from 32 countries was investigated.

Fast-forward genetics by radiation hybrids to saturate the locus regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic compatibility in Triticum.

The nuclear-encoded species cytoplasm specific (scs) genes control nuclear-cytoplasmic compatibility in wheat (genus Triticum). Alloplasmic cells, which have nucleus and cytoplasm derived from different species, produce vigorous and vital organisms only when the correct version of scs is present in their nucleus. In this study, bulks of in vivo radiation hybrids segregating for the scs phenotype have been genotyped by sequencing with over 1.

Breeding schemes for the implementation of genomic selection in wheat (Triticum spp.).

In the last decade the breeding technology referred to as 'genomic selection' (GS) has been implemented in a variety of species, with particular success in animal breeding. Recent research shows the potential of GS to reshape wheat breeding. Many authors have concluded that the estimated genetic gain per year applying GS is several times that of conventional breeding.

A radiation hybrid map of chromosome 1D reveals synteny conservation at a wheat speciation locus.

The species cytoplasm specific (scs) genes affect nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions in interspecific hybrids. A radiation hybrid (RH) mapping population of 188 individuals was employed to refine the location of the scs (ae) locus on Triticum aestivum chromosome 1D. "Wheat Zapper," a comparative genomics tool, was used to predict synteny between wheat chromosome 1D, Oryza sativa, Brachypodium distachyon, and Sorghum bicolor.

Wheat Zapper: a flexible online tool for colinearity studies in grass genomes.

In the course of evolution, the genomes of grasses have maintained an observable degree of gene order conservation. The information available for already sequenced genomes can be used to predict the gene order of nonsequenced species by means of comparative colinearity studies. The "Wheat Zapper" application presented here performs on-demand colinearity analysis between wheat, rice, Sorghum, and Brachypodium in a simple, time efficient, and flexible manner.

Development of COS-SNP and HRM markers for high-throughput and reliable haplotype-based detection of Lr14a in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.).

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks. & Henn.) is a major disease affecting durum wheat production.

Physical mapping resources for large plant genomes: radiation hybrids for wheat D-genome progenitor Aegilops tauschii.

Background: Development of a high quality reference sequence is a daunting task in crops like wheat with large (~17Gb), highly repetitive (>80%) and polyploid genome. To achieve complete sequence assembly of such genomes, development of a high quality physical map is a necessary first step. However, due to the lack of recombination in certain regions of the chromosomes, genetic mapping, which uses recombination frequency to map marker loci, alone is not sufficient to develop high quality marker scaffolds for a sequence ready physical map.

DNA repair and crossing over favor similar chromosome regions as discovered in radiation hybrid of Triticum.

Background: The uneven distribution of recombination across the length of chromosomes results in inaccurate estimates of genetic to physical distances. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome 3B, it has been estimated that 90% of the cross over events occur in distal sub-telomeric regions representing 40% of the chromosome.