Hemodynamic Effects Induced by Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Apparently Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To determine the immediate effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in apparently healthy adults (age ≥18y).

Data Sources: The Cochrane Library (online version 2014), PubMed (1962-2014), EMBASE (1980-2014), and LILACS (1980-2014) electronic databases were searched.

Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials were included when TENS was administered noninvasively with surface electrodes during rest, and the effect of TENS was compared with that of control or placebo TENS.

Noninvasive ventilation improves the cardiovascular response and fatigability during resistance exercise in patients with heart failure.

Purpose: Noninvasive ventilation may improve cardiovascular function and exercise performance. We evaluated the physiologic impact of noninvasive ventilation during isokinetic knee extension resistance exercise in patients with heart failure.

Methods: This clinical trial included 10 male compensated patients with ischemic heart failure (age, 57 ± 9.