Episodic ataxias in children and adolescents: Clinical findings and suggested diagnostic criteria.

Background: The main clinical presentation of episodic ataxias (EAs) consists of vertigo and dizziness attacks lasting for minutes to hours with widely varying accompanying symptoms. The differentiation of EA and episodic vertigo/dizziness syndromes in childhood and adolescence such as vestibular migraine (VM) and recurrent vertigo of childhood (RVC) can be challenging. Furthermore, only few prospective studies of children/adolescents with EA are available.

Recurrent Vertigo of Childhood: Clinical features and prognosis.

Introduction: "Recurrent Vertigo of Childhood" (RVC) has recently replaced the term "Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood" and was defined as recurrent spells of vertigo without evidence of a vestibular migraine of childhood (VMC). RVC and VMC are considered the most frequent causes of vertigo and dizziness in children below 18 years of age. Diagnosis might be challenging since clinical features of RVC and VMC may overlap.

Semiquantitative 3T Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Dynamic Visualization of the Glymphatic-Lymphatic Fluid Transport System in Humans: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: Recently, a novel clearing system for interstitial solutes of the brain was described as a perivascular pathway named the glymphatic system. Furthermore, lymphatic vessels were found in the meninges to drain interstitial fluids. It is hypothesized that interstitial solutes, such as amyloid β, are firstly processed through the brain by the glymphatic system and secondly drained out of the brain by lymphatic vessels (glymphatic-lymphatic fluid transport system [GLS]).

Validation of a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm for patients with acute vertigo and dizziness.

Background And Purpose: Vertigo and dizziness are common complaints in emergency departments and primary care, and pose major diagnostic challenges due to their various underlying etiologies. Most supportive diagnostic algorithms concentrate on either identifying cerebrovascular events (CVEs) or diagnosing specific vestibular disorders or are restricted to specific patient subgroups. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a comprehenisve algorithm for identifying patients with CVE and classifying the most common vestibular disorders.

Is There an "Acquired Idiopathic Head-Shaking Nystagmus"?-A Discussion of Mechanisms and Clinical Implications Based on a Case Report.

Background: Head-shaking nystagmus (HSN) occurs in both peripheral and central vestibular disorders. In most cases, HSN can be attributed to an asymmetric peripheral vestibular input or a structural lesion mostly in the cerebellum affecting the central velocity storage mechanism. An isolated HSN is very rare.

Uncrossed corticospinal tract in health and genetic disorders: Review, case report, and clinical implications.

Background And Purpose: Crossing pathologies of the corticospinal tract (CST) are rare and often associated with genetic disorders. However, they can be present in healthy humans and lead to ipsilateral motor deficits when a lesion to motor areas occurs. Here, we review historical and current literature of CST crossing pathologies and present a rare case of asymmetric crossing of the CST.

Reflexive and Intentional Saccadic Eye Movements in Migraineurs.

Migraine has been postulated to lead to structural and functional changes of different cortical and subcortical areas, including the frontal lobe, the brainstem, and cerebellum. The (sub-)clinical impact of these changes is a matter of debate. The spectrum of possible clinical differences include domains such as cognition but also coordination.

Computerized clinical decision system and mobile application with expert support to optimize management of vertigo in primary care: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Vertigo and dizziness are amongst the most common symptoms in medicine and often have a major impact on activities of daily life. Although many causes of vertigo and dizziness can easily be recognized, patients often receive inappropriate and ineffective treatment. The reasons for this are various.

Coronary artery calcification score in migraine patients.

Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of cardiovascular events in migraineurs. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this observation remain largely unknown. Recent genetic and epidemiologic studies suggest, that atherosclerosis might be the overlapping pathophysiological mechanism in migraine and coronary heart disease.

Vertigo and dizziness in adolescents: Risk factors and their population attributable risk.

Objectives: To assess potential risk factors for vertigo and dizziness in adolescents and to evaluate their variability by different vertigo types. The role of possible risk factors for vertigo and dizziness in adolescents and their population relevance needs to be addressed in order to design preventive strategies.

Study Design: The study population consisted of 1482 school-children between the age of 12 and 19 years, who were instructed to fill out a questionnaire on different vertigo types and related potential risk factors.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) or continuous unilateral distal experimental pain stimulation in healthy subjects does not bias visual attention towards one hemifield.

In natural life pain automatically draws attention towards the painful body part suggesting that it interacts with different attentional mechanisms such as visual attention. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients who typically report on chronic distally located pain of one extremity may suffer from so-called neglect-like symptoms, which have also been linked to attentional mechanisms. The purpose of the study was to further evaluate how continuous pain conditions influence visual attention.