Septum of the penis - dissection, anatomical description and functional relevance.

Background: The septum of the penis or the pectiniform septum (from Latina pecten) is a connective structure that separates the two corpora cavernosa of the penis. It is formed through the joining of the circular fibers of the tunica albuginea, which envelops the corpora cavernosa. The septum neither completely separates, nor entirely joins the two corpora cavernosa.

Laser Scanning Morphometric Measurements of the Main Orbital Communications in Dry Human Skulls.

Background And Objectives: This research investigated the morphometric dimensions of the optic foramen (OF), superior orbital fissure (SOF) and inferior orbital fissure (IOF), using indirect measurement techniques such as laser scanning, making it likely the first study of its kind. This study aimed to identify the morphometric variability of the main orbit communications and to highlight the differences between genders.

Materials And Methods: The anthropometric study was conducted on sixty dry skulls (120 orbits) of adults aged between 20 and 70 years.

A Review of Neoadjuvant Therapy and the Watch-and-Wait Protocol in Rectal Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Directions.

The treatment of rectal cancer underwent a significant change with the introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME), which substantially improved recurrence rates. However, TME is associated with complications such as fecal incontinence and poor bladder control, especially in tumors located near the anal verge. The watch-and-wait (WW) protocol has emerged as an alternative for patients achieving a clinical complete response (cCR) following neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy.

Dissection of the Male Urethra Demonstrating Its Topographical Specificity.

The urethra is a long muscular tubular organ that changes its internal configuration as it traverses different regions. Therefore, the pathology of each region is distinctive, and regional characteristics may influence exploration and treatment. We set out to perform detailed dissections of the male urethra and illustrate the regional specificity for each urethral segment.

Laparoscopic Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh (IPOM) in the Treatment of Ventral Hernias: Technique Discussion Points.

Incisional ventral hernias (IVH) are a common occurrence worldwide. The resolve is fundamentally surgical. In this regard, laparoscopic treatment has become the standard.

An Extensive Study Regarding the Microscopic Anatomy of the Early Fetal Human Optic Nerve.

The development of the optic nerve and its surrounding tissues during the early fetal period is a convoluted period because it spans both the organogenesis period and the fetal period. This study details the microscopic anatomy and histoembryology of the optic nerve in embryos during the early fetal period, including the second half of the first trimester of pregnancy. Serial sections through the orbit of variously aged embryos allowed us to analyze the nerve in both longitudinal and transverse aspects.

Laparoscopic Management of Abdominal Echinococcosis: A Technical Report on Surgical Techniques and Outcomes.

This technical report explores the efficacy and methodology of laparoscopic surgery for treating abdominal echinococcosis, a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. We highlight the zoonotic nature of the disease, which predominantly affects the liver and occasionally other organs, noting the challenge of its asymptomatic progression that complicates timely diagnosis and intervention. We detail our surgical technique using a standard laparoscopy kit to address abdominal hydatid cysts, emphasizing the critical importance of preventing cyst rupture and spillage to avoid recurrence and anaphylactic shock.

Decoding Hepatic Portal Venous Gas: A Case Report.

Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is an infrequent and life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality rates, which consists of the presence of gas in the portal vein and its branches. Improvements in imaging technologies have led to the diagnosis of HPVG in less severe circumstances, which, in turn, has only determined a small amelioration of the prognosis. We present a rare case of HPVG subsequent to paralytic ileus in a patient who attained long-term survival after the surgical treatment was performed.

Primary Retroperitoneal Hydatid Cyst: A Diagnostic and Treatment Conundrum.

Hydatid cysts are caused by accidental egg ingestion of the parasite. A 24-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for chronic left lumbar pain. Computed tomography (CT) and abdominal ultrasonography identified an 8/12 cm retroperitoneal cyst.

Axillary Lymphadenectomy: Safe Dissection Through a Correct Technique.

The primary treatment of breast cancer in sentinel-positive ganglia includes axillary lymphatic nodal dissection. The LAD (lymphatic axillary dissection) has decreased in overall numbers but due to the increasing incidence of breast cancer, it is practised on a daily basis, even though there is a myriad of complications such as numbness of the upper limb and chest wall, movement restriction of the upper limb, and chronic pain which appear due to trauma to the nerves which pass through the axilla. However, the utility in the overall survival or DFS (disease-free survival) of the patient is unquestionable.

Prostatic Artery Origin Variability: Five Steps to Improve Identification during Percutaneous Embolization.

: The purpose of the current paper is to present our study on the variability in the prostatic artery origin, discuss the less frequent origins, and present the challenges of the prostatic artery embolization (PAE) procedure, thus aiding young interventional radiologists. : We studied the origins of the prostatic artery on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examinations from PAE procedures on 35 male pelvises (70 hemi-pelvises). : Our study has demonstrated that the most frequent origin of the prostatic artery (PA) is the internal pudendal artery (IPA), 37.

Suspension of the penis - dissection, anatomical description and highlighting of anatomical risks in sectioning the suspensory ligaments.

Background: The suspension of the penis is provided by two ligaments: fundiform and suspensory. These ligaments are sectioned during some augmentative surgical procedures. The structure, the relations and the variability of these ligaments have been demonstrated.

The Assessment of the Anatomical Risk in the Perioral Region.

Safe and effective procedures in the perioral region rely on a clear understanding of the facial anatomy, as insufficient knowledge of this aspect can lead to severe complications. We performed thorough layer-by-layer dissections of the perioral region on 11 freshly formalinized cadaver heads. Dissections were performed between 2020 and 2022 in the dissection laboratory of the Anatomy Department, where the ethical conducts were regulated by "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, and fall under its jurisdiction.

The Pelvic and Sacral Splanchnic Nerves - Identification by Dissection, Trajectory.

The modern principles in pelvic surgery imply the preservation of the nervous structures that are involved in the physiological functioning of the pelvic and genital organs. The main pelvic nervous element is represented by the inferior hypogastric plexus. This plexus receives sympathetic afferent fibres from the hypogastric nerve, parasympathetic afferent fibres from the pelvic splanchnic nerves and also sympathetic afferent fibres coming from the sympathetic sacral chain via the sacral splanchnic nerves.

The distribution of the inferior hypogastric plexus in female pelvis.

Elements that comprise the inferior hypogastric plexus are difficult to expose, intricate, and highly variable and can easily be damaged during local surgical procedures. We aimed to highlight, through dissection, the origin, formation, and distribution of the hypogastric nervous structures and follow them in the female pelvis. We performed detailed dissections on 7 female formalin-fixed cadavers, focusing on structures surrounding the pelvic organs.

A Systematic Approach of the Intrauterine Morphogenesis of the Human Palpebral Apparatus.

The human eyelid embodies a vast diversity of functions. Acting as a protective shield for the ocular apparatus and as a light regulator in the sight process, eyelids stand a fascinating - yet omitted - role in facial aesthetics, serving as a racial trait by which humankind succeeded to manifest heterogeneity as a species. These assumptions are precisely forecasted right from in-utero life through intricate processes of growth and cell differentiation.

Overview of the anatomical basis of the piriformis syndrome-dissection with magnetic resonance correlation.

The piriformis syndrome is one of the most commonly misdiagnosed causes of lower back and gluteal pain caused by the compression of the sciatic nerve and the internal pudendal neurovascular bundle by the piriformis muscle. Although this syndrome was first suggested over 90 years ago, its diagnosis still represents a challenge for clinicians. In the present study, dissection was used to determine the intra- and extrapelvic anatomical course of the internal pudendal nerve and the data were compared with the information obtainable through MRI examination, in order to identify the piriformis syndrome and to differentiate it from other causes of internal pudendal neuralgia.

A Comprehensive Study Regarding the Intrauterine Development of Nails.

The nail apparatus serves as a protective layer over the dorsal aspect of each distal phalanx of both hands and feet. Besides protection, other functions include serving as part of defense or attack mechanisms, scratching, and dexterity. Nail development has been a subject of interest since the 19th century, from both the phylogenetic and ontogenetic points of view.

The etiopathogenic and morphological spectrum of anencephaly: a comprehensive review of literature.

Anencephaly is a severe malformation of the central nervous system (CNS), being one of the most common types of neural tube defects. It is defined as total or partial absence of the calvarium, with absence of the brain. Anencephaly has an incidence of 1 to 5 in every 1000 births, and the mortality rate is 100% during intrauterine life or within hours or days after birth.

Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital cardiac shunts: evolution under specific treatment.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Sildenafil, Bosentan and combined therapy in patients with congenital cardiac shunts associated pulmonary artery hypertension (CCS-PAH). Prospective observational study (February 2011 - January 2014) with a historical control group (January 2009 - January 2011). "CC Iliescu" Institute for Emergency Cardiovascular Diseases of Bucharest, a tertiary university-affiliated center.

Morphological and ultrasonographic study of fetuses with cervical hygroma. A cases series.

Cystic cervical hygroma or cervical cystic lymphangioma is a congenital benign disease of the lymphatic system that is characterized by the accumulation of lymph in the jugular lymphatic sacs of the nuchal region. The factor that causes this pathology is not clarified yet but the physiopathological mechanism seems to be multifactorial. The incidence and prevalence of cervical hygroma are increased in patients with Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Edwards syndrome, Patau syndrome, Noonan syndrome, pterygium syndrome, Cantrell pentalogy, Fryns syndrome, Apert syndrome, Pena-Shokeir syndrome and achondroplasia.

Morphological study of cephalothoracopagus deradelphus type conjoined twins. A case report.

Cephalopagus is a rare variety of conjoined twins. They are fused with their heads, thoracic and upper abdominal cavities. The exact mechanism for development of conjoined twins cannot be clearly explained.

Anatomical description of the deep venous channel from the anterior vestibular wall of the right atrium.

The deep venous channels in the walls of the right atrium are not routinely described in medical treatises although their existence has been remarked from some time. Our study demonstrates that the right atrium is opened for some of the anterior veins of the heart through a venous channel located deep in the myocardium of the vestibule of the right atrium. We suggest that no Thebesian veins drain into this channel.