Experimental evaluation of Enalapril effect on protein oxidative modification, proteolytic processes and cerebral morphological changes in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Unlabelled: Neurodegenerative processes with type 2 diabetes mellitus in particular aggravate the course of the disease, change the usual life rhythm, and are a considerable part of high disability and lethality rates.

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine enalapril effect on protein peroxide oxidation, activity of proteolysis and fibrinolysis enzymes and morphological state of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus under conditions of neurodegeneration in case of experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials And Methods: Changes in the content of protein peroxide oxidation products activity of proteolysis and fibrinolysis enzymes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus are examined under enalapril effect (1 mg/kg) in nonlinear laboratory albino male rats with neurodegeneration under conditions of type 2 diabetes mellitus simulated by streptozotocin and high-fat diet.

BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS OF EXPERIMENTAL SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED NEURODEGENERATION AND THE EFFECT OF ENALAPRIL ON THEM.

Objective: The aim: Was to study enalapril effect on protein peroxide oxidation and lipids of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats with neurodegeneration pattern.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The experiments were conducted on nonlinear albino male rats 0,18-0,20 kg of the body weight. Modeled neurodegeneration was simulated by intraperitoneal introduction of scopolamine hydrochloride during 27 days in the dose of 1 mg/kg.

ENALAPRIL EFFECT ON GLUTATHIONE CHAIN OF THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF THE BRAIN IN RATS WITH SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED NEURODEGENERATION.

Objective of the work is to study enalapril effect, a blocker of renin-angiotensin system, on glutathione chain of the antioxidant system of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats with experimental neurodegeneration. The experiments were conducted on nonlinear laboratory albino male rats with their body weight of 0,18-0,20 kg. The model of neurodegeneration was created by means of intraperitoneally administration of scopolamine hydrochloride (Sigma, USA) during 27 days in the dose of 1 mg/kg.

PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIVATORS OF ATP-DEPENDENT POTASSIUM CHANNELS AS POTENTIAL NEPHROPROTECTORS AGAINST GLOMERULAR AND TUBULAR DAMAGE TO THE NEPHRON (REVIEW).

Considering the incidence, high risk of progression and severe consequences of renal pathology, a preventive therapy as well as correction of kidney dysfunction are issues of a great importance today. An essential condition for an improvement of nephroprotection is a determination of new mechanisms of disturbances and restoration of homeostatic kidney processes. A unique physiological role of ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channels and their participation in adaptive-compensatory reactions substantiate the feasibility of search for effective nephroprotectors among pharmacological modulators of their activity.

ENALAPRIL EFFECT ON THE STATE OF NITROGEN OXIDE SYSTEM AND PROOXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT BALANCE IN BRAIN UNDER CONDITIONS OF BLOCKADE OF CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM.

One of the most important medical-social issues today is the search for new pathogenic directions in pharmacological prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Objective: to investigate enalapril effect on the indices of the nitrogen oxide system and prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus under conditions of experimental cerebral neurodegeneration. The state of the nitrogen oxide system and prooxidant-antioxidant balance is investigated in the experiment on male rats with scopolamine-induced neurodegeneration (1 mg/kg, 27 days) after enalapril administration in the dose of 1 mg/kg (14 days).

CHANGES OF PROTEINURIA AND ACID-REGULATING KIDNEY FUNCTION IN MATURE RATS WITH SLOW AND RAPID ACETYLATION TYPE UNDER CONDITIONS OF SUBACUTE CADMIUM-NITRATE INTOXICATION.

The experiments conducted on non-linear mature laboratory albino rats determined that under conditions of subacute cadmium-nitrate intoxication the indices of proteinuria and acid-regulating renal function depend on acetylation phenotype. Unlike rapid acetylators considerable increase of protein concentration in urine (192,8%, р<0,05) and standardized by glomerular filtration protein excretion (141,7%, р<0,05) are indicative of higher susceptibility of rats with slow acetylation type to nephrotoxic action of cadmium chloride and sodium nitrate. Lack of protein loss with urine and adaptive-compensative character of acid-regulating renal function changes directed to elimination of hydrogen ions excess from the body give evidence concerning less intensive damage of the nephron tubular portion in rats with rapid acetylation type, and at the same time do not exclude development of nephropathy.

[The functional state of the kidneys after adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels activation in experimental acute hypoxia].

In the experiments on non-linear white rats with the model of acute hypoxia we have studied the changes of the functional state of kidneys after a single intraventricular administration of the original fluorine-containing KATP-sensitive potassium channels activator flocalin at the dose of 5 mg/kg on the background of induced water load. It has been shown that under the influence of prohypoxic factors: sodium nitrite (50 mg/kg, subcutaneously) and dinitrophenol (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) flocalin activates volume-regulating, ion-regulating and excretory functions of kidneys. Renal effects after activation of KATP-sensitive potassium channels in the rats with histohemic hypoxia were induced by the changes of tubular and predominantly glomerular processes.

[Comparative assessment of nephroprotective properties of potassium and calcium channel modulators in experimental renal injury].

The experiments in white laboratory rats have shown that a single intragasrtric administration of the new fluorine-containing potassium channel opener flocalin in a dose of 5 mg/kg in the initial stage of sublimate nephropathy increased the glomerular filtration rate, reduced creatininemia, increased urinary creatinine excretion, and decreased proteinuria. Under similar conditions, the administration of the calcium channel blocker diltiazem in a dose of 5 mg/kg (intragasrtric) showed a less pronounced antiproteinuric effect as compared to that of flocalin. A comparative assessment of the influence of flocalin and diltiazem on the basic renal function markers demonstrated predominant nephroprotective effect of flocalin in the treatment of acute toxic nephropathy.

[The role of the natriuretic hormone in the action of nifedipine and verapamil on the kidneys].

It was demonstrated in experiments on albino rats that under the effect of nifedipine and verapamil the increase in the excretion of electrolytes and water by the kidneys is accompanied with a rise in the natriuretic hormone (NUH) content in blood plasma and urine. This causes the renal effects of the drugs under study. The sensitivity of the kidneys to NUH increases in this case.