Nanocellulose-based porous materials: Regulation and pathway to commercialization in regenerative medicine.

We review the recent progress that have led to the development of porous materials based on cellulose nanostructures found in plants and other resources. In light of the properties that emerge from the chemistry, shape and structural control, we discuss some of the most promising uses of a plant-based material, nanocellulose, in regenerative medicine. Following a brief discussion about the fundamental aspects of self-assembly of nanocellulose precursors, we review the key strategies needed for material synthesis and to adjust the architecture of the materials (using three-dimensional printing, freeze-casted porous materials, and electrospinning) according to their uses in tissue engineering, artificial organs, controlled drug delivery and wound healing systems, among others.

Cancer Inhibition and In Vivo Osteointegration and Compatibility of Gallium-Doped Bioactive Glasses for Osteosarcoma Applications.

Traditional osteosarcoma therapies tend to focus solely on eradicating residual cancer cells and often fail to promote local bone regeneration and even inhibit it due to lack of precise control over target cells, i.e., the treatment affects both normal and cancer cells.

Electrospun Nanofibrous Architectures of Thrombin-Loaded Poly(ethylene oxide) for Faster Wound Clotting.

Wound healing materials to prevent blood loss are crucial during emergency medical treatment because uncontrolled bleeding can lead to patient death. Herein, bioabsorbable fibrous architectures of thrombin-loaded poly(ethylene oxide)-PEO/thrombin-are conceptualized and accomplished electrospinning for faster wound clotting. Membranes with average fiber diameters ranging from 188 to 264 nm are achieved, where the active thrombin is entrapped within the nanofibers.

Evaluation of effectiveness of 45S5 bioglass doped with niobium for repairing critical-sized bone defect in in vitro and in vivo models.

Here, we investigated the biocompatibility of a bioactive sodium calcium silicate glass containing 2.6 mol% Nb O (denoted BGPN2.6) and compare the results with the archetypal 45S5 bioglass.

In vitro and in vivo osteogenic potential of niobium-doped 45S5 bioactive glass: A comparative study.

In vitro and in vivo experiments were undertaken to evaluate the solubility, apatite-forming ability, cytocompatibility, osteostimulation, and osteoinduction for a series of Nb-containing bioactive glass (BGNb) derived from composition of 45S5 Bioglass. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) revealed that the rate at which Na, Ca, Si, P, and Nb species are leached from the glass decrease with the increasing concentration of the niobium oxide. The formation of apatite as a function of time in simulated body fluid was monitored by 31P Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Nanocellulose/bioactive glass cryogels as scaffolds for bone regeneration.

A major challenge exists in the preparation of scaffolds for bone regeneration, namely, achieving simultaneously bioactivity, biocompatibility, mechanical performance and simple manufacturing. Here, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are introduced for the preparation of scaffolds taking advantage of their biocompatibility and ability to form strong 3D porous networks from aqueous suspensions. CNF are made bioactive for bone formation through a simple and scalable strategy that achieves highly interconnected 3D networks.