Head and shoulder functional changes in flutists.

Aims: This study aimed at comparing head posture, symmetry of shoulder muscle strength, and posture among developing flutists, professional flutists, and a matched control group of singers.

Methods: Measurements of head and scapular posture and muscle strength were compared between flutists with ≤10 yrs of practice (developing flutists, n=9), flutists with >10 years of practice (professional flutists, n=9), and singers (n=9). Posture was measured with a goniometer and tape measure; strength was assessed with an isokinetic dynamometer.

Pregnancy and the singing voice: reports from a case study.

Objectives: Significant changes in body tissues occur during pregnancy; however, literature concerning the effects of pregnancy on the voice is sparse, especially concerning the professional classically trained voice.

Hypotheses: Hormonal variations and associated bodily changes during pregnancy affect phonatory conditions, such as vocal fold motility and glottal adduction.

Design: Longitudinal case study with a semiprofessional classically trained singer.