The Impact of Parental Monitoring on Exposure to Multiple Substances and Bullying in Croatian Students.

Adolescence is a critical period for experimenting with a wide range of risky behaviors, which are often influenced by family dynamics, including parental monitoring. This study aims to analyze the patterns of exposure to multiple substances and bullying among Croatian students by age and gender in 2022 and examine the association of exposure to multiple substances and bullying with maternal and paternal monitoring. : The data were obtained from the 2022 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in Croatia among students aged 11, 13, and 15.