Site Matters: Differences in Gene Expression Profiles Along the Bovine Rumen Papilla During Subacute Rumen Acidosis.

Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) is a significant concern in dairy cattle fed grain-rich diets. To elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, ruminal papilla biopsies are often used. This study aimed to assess how the sampling site along the ruminal papilla influences gene expression profiles in rumen epithelium during SARA.

assessment of the immunomodulatory effects of probiotic strains on chicken PBMCs.

The beneficial effects of feeding probiotic DSM 32315 (BS) and CECT 5940 (BV) to chickens are well-documented, with potential immune modulation as a key mechanism. In this study, we investigated the direct interactions of chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with BS or BV through whole transcriptome profiling and cytokine array analysis. Transcriptome profiling revealed 20 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to both treatments, with twelve DEGs identified in BS-treated PBMCs and eight in BV-treated PBMCs.

Probiotic Strains Enhance T Cell Responses in Chicken.

Banning antibiotic growth promotors and other antimicrobials in poultry production due to the increasing antimicrobial resistance leads to increased feeding of potential alternatives such as probiotics. However, the modes of action of those feed additives are not entirely understood. They could act even with a direct effect on the immune system.

Chicken Immune Cell Assay to Model Adaptive Immune Responses In Vitro.

Knowledge about the modes of action of immunomodulating compounds such as pathogens, drugs, or feed additives, e.g., probiotics, gained through controlled but animal-related in vitro systems using primary cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) will allow the development of targeted nutrition strategies.

Macropinocytosis and Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis Play Pivotal Roles for the Infectious Entry of Puumala Virus.

Viruses from the family are encountered as emerging pathogens causing two life-threatening human zoonoses: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), with case fatality rates of up to 50%. Here, we comprehensively investigated entry of the Old World hantavirus Puumala virus (PUUV) into mammalian cells, showing that upon treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, PUUV infections are greatly reduced. We demonstrate that the inhibitors did not interfere with viral replication and that RNA interference, targeting cellular mediators of macropinocytosis, decreases PUUV infection levels significantly.