The cardiac response of the goldfish Carassius auratus to environmental hypoxia: from hemodynamics to mitochondria.

Under low O, the heart of Carassius auratus (goldfish) shows an enhanced hemodynamics. This is observed in ex vivo cardiac preparations from animals acclimated to both normoxia and short-term (4 days) moderate hypoxia and perfused for 90 min with a hypoxic medium. Under short-term hypoxia, this is associated with a higher ventricular muscularity and an expanded mitochondrial compartment.

Electrospun nanofibers for localized drug release of a neuroprotective natural extract of Usnea ghattensis.

This research is based on the incorporation of the methanolic extract of the Usnea ghattensis into poly (caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers (NFs) to investigate the capacity in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). PCL-NFs were fabricated by the electrospinning technique and are investigated as potential dressing material focused on the release of usnic acid (PCL-USNIC NFs), and its encapsulation efficiency and kinetic release were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This investigation was performed by analyzing the usnic acid concentration as a function of the distance from the mat center point.

The effects of ACE inhibitor Enalapril on Mytilus galloprovincialis: Insights into morphological and functional responses.

In the last decades, pharmaceuticals have emerged as a new class of environmental contaminants. Antihypertensives, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, are of special concern due to their increased consumption over the past years. However, the available data on their putative effects on the health of aquatic animals, as well as the possible interaction with biological systems are still poorly understood.

From Personal Care to Coastal Concerns: Investigating Polyethylene Glycol Impact on Mussel's Antioxidant, Physiological, and Cellular Responses.

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) containing persistent and potentially hazardous substances have garnered attention for their ubiquitous presence in natural environments. This study investigated the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a common PPCP component, on . Mussels were subjected to two PEG concentrations (E1: 0.

BET inhibitor nanotherapy halts kidney damage and reduces chronic kidney disease progression after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Targeting epigenetic mechanisms has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of kidney diseases. Specifically, inhibiting the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) domain proteins using the small molecule inhibitor JQ1 has shown promise in preclinical models of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its clinical translation faces challenges due to issues with poor pharmacokinetics and side effects.

Vanadocene-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles: platforms for the development of theranostic materials against breast cancer.

Nanoscale materials have demonstrated a very high potential in anticancer therapy by properly adjusting their functionalization and physicochemical properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of some novel vanadocene-loaded silica-based nanomaterials incorporating four different S-containing amino acids (penicillamine, methionine, captopril, and cysteine) and different fluorophores (rhodamine B, coumarin 343 or Alexa Fluor™ 647), which have been characterized by diverse solid-state spectroscopic techniques viz; FTIR, diffuse reflectance spectroscopies,C andV solid-state NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and TEM. The analysis of the biological activity of the novel vanadocene-based nanostructured silicas showed that the materials containing cysteine and captopril aminoacids demonstrated high cytotoxicity and selectivity against triple negative breast cancer cells, making them very promising antineoplastic drug candidates.

High enhancement of sensitivity and reproducibility in label-free SARS-CoV-2 detection with graphene field-effect transistor sensors through precise surface biofunctionalization control.

The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us valuable lessons, especially the urgent need for a widespread, rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool. To this, the integration of bidimensional nanomaterials, particularly graphene, into point-of-care biomedical devices is a groundbreaking strategy able to potentially revolutionize the diagnostic landscape. Despite advancements in the fabrication of these biosensors, the relationship between their surface biofunctionalization and sensing performance remains unclear.

Effects of environmental hypoxia on the goldfish skeletal muscle: Focus on oxidative status and mitochondrial dynamics.

The skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue. Its ability to respond to external stimuli and challenges allows it to face the functional needs of the organism. In the goldfish Carassius auratus, a model of hypoxia resistance, exposure to reduced oxygen is accompanied by an improvement of the swimming performance, relying on a sustained contractile behavior of the skeletal muscle.

Functional, structural, and molecular remodelling of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) heart under moderate hypoxia.

The goldfish (Carassius auratus) is known for its physiologic ability to survive even long periods of oxygen limitation (hypoxia), adapting the cardiac performance to the requirements of peripheral tissue perfusion. We here investigated the effects of short-term moderate hypoxia on the heart, focusing on ventricular adaptation, in terms of hemodynamics and structural traits. Functional evaluations revealed that animals exposed to 4 days of environmental hypoxia increased the hemodynamic performance evaluated on ex vivo cardiac preparations.

Global longitudinal strain for prediction of mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and aortic stenosis patients: two sides of the same coin.

Objective: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) predicts major adverse events in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and aortic stenosis (AS). Different cut-off values and different end-points have been proposed for prognostic stratification. We aimed to verify whether a single GLS cut-off value can be used to identify increased risk of all-cause death in STEMI and AS.

Improved antitumor activity through a tyramidyl maslinic acid derivative. Design and validation as drug-loaded electrospun polymeric nanofibers.

Among the most harmful tumors detected in the human body, such as breast, colon, brain or pancreas, breast (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are the first and third most frequent cancer worldwide, respectively. The current existing chemotherapeutic treatments present serious side effects due to their intravenous administration can induce cytotoxicity in healthy cells. Thus, new treatment methods based on drug-loaded polymeric nanofibers (NFs) have gained significant potential for their use in localized cancer chemotherapy.

Development of associational fiber tracts in fetal human brain: a cadaveric laboratory investigation.

The advent of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in addition to cadaveric brain dissection allowed a comprehensive description of an adult human brain. Nonetheless, the knowledge of the development of the internal architecture of the brain is mostly incomplete. Our study aimed to provide a description of the anatomical variations of the major associational bundles, among fetal and early post-natal periods.

Organotin(IV)-Decorated Graphene Quantum Dots as Dual Platform for Molecular Imaging and Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

The pharmacological activity of organotin(IV) complexes in cancer therapy is well recognized but their large applicability is hampered by their poor water solubility. Hence, carbon dots, in particular nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs), may be a promising alternative for the efficient delivery of organotin(IV) compounds as they have a substantial aqueous solubility, a good chemical stability, and non-toxicity as well as a bright photoluminescence that make them ideal for theranostic applications against cancer. Two different multifunctional nanosystems have been synthesized and fully characterized based on two fragments of organotin-based cytotoxic compounds and 4-formylbenzoic acid (FBA), covalently grafted onto the NGQDs surface.

Assessment of the effects of non-phthalate plasticizer DEHT on the bivalve molluscs Mytilus galloprovincialis.

Due to their uncontrolled use, plastics has become an environmental concern, not only for their varying dimension but also for the potential release of substances such as phthalates (PAEs) and non-phthalates (NPPs) into the water. Phthalates are the most common plasticizers of concern, but non-phthalate plasticizers such as di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) have also been lately found in the marine environment. Mytilus galloprovincialis is a well-known bioindicator of aquatic environments due to its ability to accumulate a wide variety of xenobiotics, including plasticizers.

Fitness assessment of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 after exposure to herbicide metabolite propachlor ESA.

The lack of data on the chronic effects of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites on non-target aquatic organisms creates a gap in knowledge about the comprehensive impacts of excessive and repeated pesticide use. Therefore, this study evaluates the long-term effects of propachlor ethanolic sulfonic acid (PROP-ESA) after 10 (T1) and 20 (T2) days at the environmental level of 3.5 μg.

Dual Anticancer and Antibacterial Properties of Silica-Based Theranostic Nanomaterials Functionalized with Coumarin343, Folic Acid and a Cytotoxic Organotin(IV) Metallodrug.

Five different silica nanoparticles functionalized with vitamin B12, a derivative of coumarin found in green plants and a minimum content of an organotin(IV) fragment (, , , and ), were identified as excellent anticancer agents against triple negative breast cancer, one of the most diagnosed and aggressive cancerous tumors, with very poor prognosis. Notably, compound shows selectivity for cancer cells and excellent luminescent properties detectable by imaging techniques once internalized. The same compound is also able to interact with and nearly eradicate biofilms of , the most common bacteria isolated from chronic wounds and burns, whose treatment is a clinical challenge.

Contamination by Trace Elements and Oxidative Stress in the Skeletal Muscle of from the Central Tyrrhenian Sea.

Marine pollution, due to the regular discharge of contaminants by various anthropogenic sources, is a growing problem that imposes detrimental influences on natural species. Sharks, because of a diet based on smaller polluted animals, are exposed to the risk of water contamination and the subsequent bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Trace elements are very diffuse water pollutants and able to induce oxidative stress in a variety of marine organisms.

Cardiac Hypoxia Tolerance in Fish: From Functional Responses to Cell Signals.

Aquatic animals are increasingly challenged by O fluctuations as a result of global warming, as well as eutrophication processes. Teleost fish show important species-specific adaptability to O deprivation, moving from intolerance to a full tolerance of hypoxia and even anoxia. An example is provided by members of which includes species that are amongst the most tolerant hypoxia/anoxia teleosts.

Multi-characteristic toxicity of enantioselective chiral fungicide tebuconazole to a model organism Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 (Bivalve: Mytilidae).

The survey of available scientific literature shows a lack of data on the chronic effects of tebuconazole (TEB) on non-target aquatic organisms. Therefore, this study evaluates toxicity (10 and 20 days) of two considered concentrations 2 ng/L (E1) and 2 μg/L (E2) of TEB to bioindicator species Mytilus galloprovincialis. To this end, the TEB concentrations measured in soft mussel tissues showed a time-dependent increasing trend.

NIL10: A New IL10-Receptor Binding Nanoparticle That Induces Cardiac Protection in Mice and Pigs Subjected to Acute Myocardial Infarction through STAT3/NF-κB Activation.

(1) Background: Early response after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) prevents extensive cardiac necrosis, in which inflammation resolution, including expression of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10), may play a key role. (2) Methods: We synthesized NIL10, a micelle-based nanoparticle, to target IL-10 receptor in mice and pigs subjected to AMI. (3) Results: Administration of NIL10 induced cardiac protection of wild-type and IL-10 knockout mice and pigs subjected to AMI.