Post-script-Retail forecasting: Research and practice.

This note updates the 2019 review article "Retail forecasting: Research and practice" in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the substantial new research on machine-learning algorithms, when applied to retail. It offers new conclusions and challenges for both research and practice in retail demand forecasting.

The practicality of Malaysia dengue outbreak forecasting model as an early warning system.

Dengue is a harmful tropical disease that causes death to many people. Currently, the dengue vaccine development is still at an early stage, and only intervention methods exist after dengue cases increase. Thus, previously, two scientific experimental field studies were conducted in producing a dengue outbreak forecasting model as an early warning system.

Hereditary nephritis mimicking immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis.

The defining ultrastructural features of hereditary nephritis are "basket weave" lamellation or thinning of glomerular basement membranes. Electron-dense deposits are not seen and immunofluorescence (IF) is generally negative. In this study, we report 5 cases of hereditary nephritis in which substantial amounts of glomerular electron-dense deposits were identified on electron microscopy, with corresponding positive IF staining in 4 cases, suggesting immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis.

Substance P decreases fluid absorption in the renal proximal tubule.

Substance P is a neuropeptide found principally in the central nervous system and peripheral afferent nerve fibers. It is widely distributed in the body, and its local release is thought to have important effects in the normal physiology and pathophysiology of several organ systems. Substance P releases histamine from mast cells and nitric oxide from endothelial cells.

Dopamine and protein phosphatase activity in renal proximal tubules.

In the brain, dopamine, via protein kinase A (PKA) activation of dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32), inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity and keeps Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) in its phosphorylated inactive state. In the present study, we examined the relationship among dopamine, PP1, and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activities in renal proximal tubules. PP1 activity in proximal tubules was not decreased by dopamine (5 x 10(-9)-10(-4) M), fenoldopam (5 x 10(-6) M), or norepinephrine (5 x 10(-7) M).

Neonatal renal function and physiology.

Birth rapidly changes the demands placed on the kidneys with respect to infant homeostasis. Conceptional age (gestational plus postnatal), general health, and medical management may independently, or, in concert, give rise to important metabolic abnormalities marked by apparent renal functional inadequacies. The chronology of the renal functional changes occurring with maturation in infants born before or at term is now well described.

The diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in the piglet using single photon emission computerized tomography dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy: a pathological correlation.

Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scintigraphy has proved to be an extremely sensitive renal imaging modality in children with genitourinary pathology, including pyelonephritis, particularly when compared to 2-dimensional planar imaging. This study was undertaken to corroborate SPECT dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphic findings with specific histopathology in acute pyelonephritis. Unilateral vesicoureteral reflux was produced in 19 Yorkshire piglets 3 to 4 weeks old.

Evaluation of renal function.

Renal function can now be evaluated in utero and after birth. Most of the methods used to investigate suspected renal dysfunction or disease are not presently applicable to the fetus; however, prenatal and postnatal evaluation of renal function has assumed a greater importance as the consequences of birth before term become more apparent.

Diuretic and natriuretic effects of sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor.

The renal effects of sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor that interferes with the conversion of glucose to sorbitol, were studied in rats and rabbits before and after fluid deprivation. The intracellular osmolar solute, sorbitol, is found in increasing concentrations from cortex to medulla in the kidney and may be involved in the urinary concentrating mechanism. Oral administration of sorbinil in the rabbit resulted in significant increases in urine flow rate and sodium excretion with a tendency toward decreased urine osmolality and increased potassium excretion both before and after water deprivation.

High resolution single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) 99mtechnetium-dimercapto-succinic acid renal imaging: a state of the art technique.

The 99mtechnetium-dimercapto-succinic acid renal scan has become the gold standard for evaluating renal parenchymal pathology. The traditional pinhole technique provides 2-dimensional imaging. Recent application of high resolution single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) has provided the means to obtain even greater cortical detail.

Colonic intussusception secondary to a calcium phosphate bezoar in a child receiving calcium carbonate for hyperphosphatemia.

We report a case of a calcium phosphate bezoar resulting in colonic intussusception in a boy with chronic renal failure who received calcium carbonate to control hyperphosphatemia. Because of concerns about aluminum-related disease in patients receiving aluminum hydroxide phosphate binders, calcium carbonate is being used more frequently to manage phosphate retention in renal failure. The development of bezoars may complicate this new form of therapy.

Postnatal development of renal function.

Renal function in the newborn is both qualitatively and quantitatively different from older infants, children and adults. Moreover, gestational age is of great importance in the interpretation of renal functional differences. These differences in renal function should not be viewed as solely immaturity per se but rather as functional adaptations to the needs of growth and development in many instances.

Renal effects of atrial natriuretic factor in domestic fowl.

The renal hemodynamic and tubular effects of ANF were investigated using the Sperber technique in chickens. This technique takes advantage of the unique portal circulation of the avian kidney and permits direct access to the renal peritubular space independent of renal arterial blood flow and glomerular filtration. Infusion of ANF into the avian renal portal system increased urine flow rate and sodium excretion by as much as 300% and 100%, respectively.

Relation between transport maxima and inhibition of organic cation excretion in the chicken kidney.

The ability of several organic cations to inhibit differentially the renal excretion of two prototypical organic cations, tetraethylammonium (TEA) and N1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), was investigated using the Sperber technique in chickens. TEA and NMN excretion were inhibited by the following organic cations in order of decreasing potency: quinine, TEA and NMN. The respective competitive potency of these substances was related inversely to their maximum tubular transport rates (Tm).

Acute renal failure. II. Management of suspected and established disease.

Because the pathogenesis of acute renal failure is multifactorial, clinical evaluation and ancillary studies must be performed systematically to reliably differentiate the various disorders. This assessment includes measurement of the serum creatinine and urea concentrations, urine composition and flow rate, and fractional excretion of sodium. Radiodiagnostic techniques such as ultrasound, radionuclide renal scans, and nuclear magnetic resonance may provide useful anatomic and functional information.

Renal alpha-adrenoceptors and sodium excretion in the dog.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the age-dependent role of alpha-adrenergic activity on renal vascular resistance (RVR) and renal blood flow (RBF) and the role of alpha 2-receptors in sodium transport. Intrarenal infusion of phentolamine in hydropenic anesthetized pups and adult dogs increased RBF and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) only in pups. The effect was most marked in the youngest pups (15.

Age-dependent renal effects of intrarenal dopamine infusion.

Three groups of anesthetized puppies 16.4 +/- 1.2 (group I), 29.

Effects of dopamine blockade on renal sodium excretion.

The renal responses to a specific dopamine antagonist (cis-flupentixol) and its stereoisomer (trans-flupentixol), a weak dopamine antagonist, were examined during hydropenia and Ringer loading in anesthetized rats. During hydropenia glomerular filtration (GFR), absolute (UNaV), and fractional (FENa) sodium excretion rates were similar as were single-nephron filtration (SNGFR) and proximal tubular flow rate (VTF). After Ringer loading GFR, UNaV, and FENa increased in all groups, but the increments were less in the cis-flupentixol than in the control or trans-flupentixol group.