Reintervention for Acute Aortic Prosthesis Endocarditis: Early and Mid-Term Outcomes.

This study aimed to analyze the outcomes and challenges associated with surgical redo procedures following aortic valve replacement for acute infective endocarditis. While transcatheter aortic valve implantation is growing in terms of its utilization for degenerative bioprostheses failure, valve-in-valve procedures are limited in acute aortic endocarditis. Surgical interventions for aortic prosthesis endocarditis carry a significant risk, with a higher mortality and morbidity, often requiring concomitant complex procedures.

Performance and impact of rapid multiplex PCR on diagnosis and treatment of ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales rectal carriage.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) or ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia (vHAP) in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) carriers is challenging. BioFire® FilmArray® Pneumonia plus Panel (mPCR) can detect bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes, including bla, the most common ESBL-encoding gene.

Methods: This monocentric, prospective study was conducted on a group of ESBL-E carriers from March 2020 to August 2022.

Clinical features and treatment outcomes of bone and joint nontuberculous mycobacterial infections according to immune status: a 9-year retrospective observational cohort.

Objectives: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) bone and joint infections (BJIs) are uncommon. We evaluated the characteristics of BJIs and identified differences according to immune status.

Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective study in France involving patients with documented NTM BJI over a 9-year period.

First report of Acinetobacter pittii acute community-acquired pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient in France following a heat wave.

Background: In recent years, Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC) infections have attracted attention, mainly because of the impact of carbapenem-resistant isolates in hospital-acquired infections. However, acute community-acquired ABC infections are not uncommon in warm and humid countries, where they are responsible for community-acquired infections with specific clinical features. To date, such infection has not been reported in France.

Ampicillin-susceptible infections: clinical features, causal clades, and contribution of MALDI-TOF to early detection.

a common resident of the human gastrointestinal tract, is also a major pathogen. Prompt initiation of appropriate treatment is essential to improve patient outcome in disseminated infections. However, ampicillin resistance is frequent in this species, rendering treatment difficult.

Evaluation of the contribution of shotgun metagenomics in the microbiological diagnosis of liver abscesses.

Background: Shotgun metagenomics (SMg) sequencing has gained a considerable interest, as it enables the detection of any microorganisms through a single analysis. Due to the limitations of standard microbiological approaches, the microbial documentation of liver abscesses (LA), which is crucial for their medical management, can be difficult. Here we aimed to compare the performance of SMg with standard approaches for the microbiological documentation of LA.

Evaluation of ceftolozane-tazobactam susceptibility on a French nationwide collection of Enterobacterales.

Objectives: Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T) proved its efficacy for the treatment of infections caused by non-carbapenemase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales. Here, we aimed to provide susceptibility data on a large series of Enterobacterales since the revision of EUCAST categorization breakpoints in 2020.

Methods: First, C/T susceptibility was determined on characterized Enterobacterales resistant to third generation cephalosporins (3GCs) (extended spectrum β-lactamase [ESBL] production or different levels of AmpC overexpression) (n = 213) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) (n = 259), including 170 carbapenemase producers (CPE).

Impact of a Dedicated Pretransplant Infectious Disease Consultation on Respiratory Tract Infections in Kidney Allograft Recipients: A Retrospective Study of 516 Recipients.

Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a leading cause of death after kidney transplant. Preventive strategies may be implemented during a dedicated infectious disease consultation (IDC) before transplantation. Impact of IDC on RTIs after transplant has not been determined.

Overly broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment of wild-type infections in relation to the EUCAST new definition of susceptibility testing categories, a retrospective multicentre cohort study.

Objectives: EUCAST changed the definition of the 'intermediate' (I) category in 2019, now defined as 'susceptible, increased exposure'. This new definition could lead to an increased prescription of antibiotics still reported as 'S', compared with those now reported as 'I'. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of this definition on the use of overly broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by WT .

Potential of Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Performed on Protected Telescope Catheter Samples for Early Adaptation of Antimicrobial Therapy in ARDS Patients.

Background: Diagnosis of co/superinfection in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is challenging. The FilmArray Pneumonia plus Panel (bioMérieux, France), a new rapid multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR), has never been assessed on a blinded protected telescope catheter (PTC) samples, a very common diagnostic tool in patients under mechanical ventilation. We evaluated the performance of mPCR on PTC samples compared with conventional culture and its impact on antibiotic stewardship.

Prospective Comparison Between Shotgun Metagenomics and Sanger Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene for the Etiological Diagnosis of Infections.

Bacteriological diagnosis is traditionally based on culture. However, this method may be limited by the difficulty of cultivating certain species or by prior exposure to antibiotics, which justifies the resort to molecular methods, such as Sanger sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (Sanger 16S). Recently, shotgun metagenomics (SMg) has emerged as a powerful tool to identify a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms in numerous clinical contexts.

Contribution of the anaerobic blood culture vial for the recovery of Candida glabrata: A retrospective multicentric study.

Unlabelled: Although Candida spp are aerobic microorganisms, some Candida strains, mainly Candida glabrata, can be recovered from anaerobic blood culture vials. We assessed the contribution of the anaerobic vials for the diagnosis of candidemia, especially for C. glabrata.

Case Report: Cerebral Nocardiosis Caused by Detected by Metagenomics in an Apparently Immunocompetent Patient.

We report a case of meningoencephalitis due to diagnosed with metagenomics, while all the standard methods were negative. This diagnosis made adaptation of antimicrobial treatment possible and led to the discovery of a rare, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Blood Cultures for the Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis: What Is the Benefit of Prolonged Incubation?

To assess the need for prolonged incubation of blood culture bottles beyond five days for the diagnosis of infectious endocarditis (IE), we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 6109 sets of two blood culture bottles involving 1211 patients admitted to the Henri Mondor University Hospital for suspicion of IE between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019. Among the 322 patients with IE, 194 had positive blood cultures in our centre. Only one patient with a time-to-positivity blood culture of more than 120 h (5 days) was found.

Clinical relevance and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the unknown human pathogen .

Even though has been described in 2002, this species has long been underestimated due to the unreliability of conventional identification methods and only a few cases of infections have been reported. Little is known about clinical significance and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of this uncommon species. To evaluate the clinical relevance of and its antimicrobial susceptibility profile.

Rapid and accurate eXDR screening: use Xpert Carba-R® with FecalSwab®.

The FecalSwab® displays high performances for stool culture, but it was not assessed for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) screening. We assess the performances of the Xpert Carba-R v2® with the FecalSwab®. Using a collection of 12 CPE strains, the limit of detection was assessed at 158 CFU/swab [interquartile range 93-589].

Is the term "anti-anaerobic" still relevant?

For decades, the term "anti-anaerobic" has been commonly used to refer to antibiotics exhibiting activity against anaerobic bacteria, also designated as anaerobes. This term is used in various situations ranging from infections associated with well-identified pathogens like Clostridioides difficile, or Fusobacterium necrophorum in Lemierre's syndrome, that require specific antibiotic treatments to polymicrobial infections generally resulting from the decreased permeability of anatomical barriers (e.g.

Performance of commercial methods for linezolid susceptibility testing of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.

Background: Linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) causing infections that are challenging to treat are rising, highlighting the need for reliable screening of LRE clinical isolates.

Objectives: To evaluate the ability of the broth microdilution (BMD) method for LRE detection and to assess the performance of seven commercially available techniques for linezolid susceptibility testing.

Methods: A collection of 100 clinical isolates (80 Enterococcus faecium and 20 Enterococcus faecalis), including 20 optrA-positive isolates, 17 poxtA-positive isolates and 1 optrA/poxtA-positive E.