A Lipotoxic Medium Decreases the Number of Lipid Droplets in β Cells: One Possible Explanation of the β-Cell Failure in Patients With Hyperlipidemia Receiving Tacrolimus.

Objectives: Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for post- transplant diabetes mellitus, especially in patients who are taking tacrolimus. Although lipotoxicity of dyslipidemia leads to β-cell failure, the handling of lipids by β cells is a mystery in molecular endocrinology. Likewise, lipid droplet homeostasis is appreciated as a key component of lipid metabolism in cells like hepatocytes, but its role in β cells remains to be elucidated.

Can the Combination of Simvastatin and Melatonin Create a Synergistic Effect on Bone Regeneration?

Purpose: The present study evaluated the potential bone regeneration capacity of combining melatonin and simvastatin, with a goal of producing more osteogenic bone substitutes.

Materials And Methods: A total of 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. The following were administered into critical-sized calvarial defects of the rats: Group I-human allograft; Group II-human allograft + 10 mg melatonin; Group III-human allograft + 0.

Primary ependymoma of the retropubic space in a male patient.

We report a case of primary intraabdominal ependymoma arising in the retropubic space of a male patient. An incidental intraabdominal mass was discovered in a 51-year-old man. Radiological studies revealed a 10 cm, solid and cystic tumor located in the Retzius fossa.

Micro-ct findings of concentrated growth factors (cgf) on bone healing in masquelet's technique-an experimental study in rabbits.

Introduction: A recent histopathological and immunohistochemical study has proved that the addition of concentrated growth factors (CGF) to the Masquelet's technique contributes to the quality of the membrane formed, in respect of inducing inflammation and proliferation, maintaining vascularization on large diaphyseal bone defects, and increasing the number of stem cells. The aim of the study is comparison of radiological results of this combination treatment by micro-CT.

Materials And Methods: The study was planned on a critical bone defect model in rabbit radius.

Effects of Topical Ozone Application on Outcomes after Accelerated Corneal Collagen Cross-linking: An Experimental Study.

Purpose: Ozone is a trioxygen molecule that spontaneously degrades into oxygen and oxygen free radicals. This study was designed to assess the effects of topical ozone application on outcomes after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL).

Methods: Enucleated fresh cadaver yearling sheep eyes ( = 28) were divided into five groups: control (C, = 6), sham (S, = 6), ozone only (Z, = 6), CXL only (X, = 5), and Ozone + CXL (ZX, = 5).

Isotretinoin's action against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats.

Current data do not support the routine use of any agent to prevent cisplatin ototoxicity. Although there are various diseases in which derivatives of vitamin A are used due to their antioxidant effects, there is no study for prevention from ototoxicity. In this study, the protective effect of isotretinoin was investigated on cisplatin ototoxicity in rats.

Implications for thymus growth in childhood: histogenesis of cortex and medulla.

The increase in autoimmune diseases in recent years has drawn attention back to the thymus, with new approaches to improve and/or restore immune function being investigated. As the primary lymphoid organ responsible for functional T cell development, studies on the pre-/post-natal development of this organ and T lymphocytes in human and other species are of special interest. During our screening studies we observed structures that had not been described or mentioned previously, and named them "epitheliostromal sheaths".

Prophylactic Bevacizumab May Mitigate Radiation Injury: An Experimental Study.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is widely used to treat brain pathologies alone or in concert with other treatment modalities. However, there are some side effects, such as radiation injury characterized by edema and necrosis in peripheral tissues, that must be managed. A new treatment agent against this side effect is bevacizumab, which targets increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a prominent etiologic factor in radiation injury.

The comparison of the degree of apoptosis in ovaries and fallopian tubes between two different surgical interventions for tubal ligation: A rat model.

Objective: To compare the degree of apoptosis in ovaries and tubal epithelium observed secondary to tubal ligation either by Pomeroy's method or bipolar electrocauterization in a rat model.

Material And Methods: A total of 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 3 study groups: control (n=8), Pomeroy (n=8), and the electrocauterization group (n=8). Apoptotic cells were detected on the primary, secondary, tertiary follicles of the ovaries, and on the tubal epithelium using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling.

Immunopathology in drug resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with different types of hippocampal sclerosis.

Purpose: There is evidence that autoimmunity has a specific role in temporal lobe seizures of limbic encephalitis patients. Our aim in this study was to investigate any histopathological clues of autoimmune process in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with different pathologically proven hippocampal sclerosis (HS) types.

Methods: 22 patients who had undergone epilepsy surgery due to mesial TLE-HS were included.

Usefulness of End-to-Side Bridging Anastomosis of Sural Nerve to Tibial Nerve: An Experimental Research.

Objective: Repair of sensorial nerve defect is an important issue on peripheric nerve surgery. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of sensory-motor nerve bridging on the denervated dermatomal area, in rats with sensory nerve defects, using a neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM).

Methods: We compared the efficacy of end-to-side (ETS) coaptation of the tibial nerve for sural nerve defect repair, in 32 Sprague-Dawley rats.

Epidermolysis Bullosa with Pyloric Atresia and Aplasia Cutis in a Newborn Due to Homozygous Mutation in ITGB4.

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia (EB-PA) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in ITGA6 and/or ITGB4, resulting in altered expression of α6β4 integrin. EB-PA can also occur with aplasia cutis.

Case Report: We present a newborn with EB-PA and aplasia cutis, born of consanguineous parents, with a homozygous c.

The time course changes in expression of aquaporin 4 and aquaporin 1 following global cerebral ischemic edema in rat.

Background: The aim of this global cerebral ischemia study was to study the changes in expression levels of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and AQP1 over time.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley type male rats were divided into six groups. Sham group and ischemia/reperfusion were performed on five other groups using the four-vessel occlusion model.

ADCK4-Associated Glomerulopathy Causes Adolescence-Onset FSGS.

Hereditary defects of coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis cause steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) as part of multiorgan involvement but may also contribute to isolated SRNS. Here, we report 26 patients from 12 families with recessive mutations in ADCK4. Mutation detection rate was 1.

Histopathological Analysis of Internal Limiting Membrane Surgically Peeled From Eyes with Epiretinal Membrane.

Purpose: To investigate histopathological changes of internal limiting membrane (ILM) in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) Materials and Methods: Forty-two eyes of 42 patients who were diagnosed as ERM and enrolled for vitreoretinal surgery were included in this study. Brilliant Blue G (BBG) was used to stain the ILM in all patients. ILM was peeled in all subjects and analyzed by light microscopy (methylene blue-Azur II × 40).

Experimental evaluation of the effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper and collagenated heterologous bone graft on bone healing in sinus floor augmentation.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagenated heterologous bone graft (CHBG) and Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), a plant extract, on bone healing after sinus floor augmentation.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were used. Bilateral sinus augmentation was performed, and 72 bone defects were created.

Which type of conditioning method protects the spinal cord from the ischemia-reperfusion injury in 24 hours?

Objective: This study was designed to test the effects of different types of preconditioning and postconditioning methods on spinal cord protection following aortic clamping.

Methods: The animals (rabbits) were divided into sham-operated, ischemic preconditioning, remote ischemic preconditioning, simultaneous aortic and ischemic remote preconditioning, and ischemic postconditioning groups. After neurological evaluations, ultrastructural analysis and immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 were evaluated after 24 h following ischemia.

Efficacy of topical mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of experimental dry eye syndrome model.

Purpose. The current study was set out to address the therapeutic efficacy of topically applied mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on dry eye syndrome (DES) induced by benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in rats. Methods.

Comparison of radiological and morphologic assessments of myocardial bridges.

In this study we aimed to compare the findings of coronary dual-source computed tomography angiography of myocardial bridges with cadaveric dissections. Forty-one isolated, non-damaged fresh sheep hearts were used in this study. Myocardial bridges of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery were demonstrated and analyzed by a coronary dual-source computed tomography angiography.

Mutations in ANKS6 cause a nephronophthisis-like phenotype with ESRD.

Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is one of the most common genetic causes of CKD; however, the underlying genetic abnormalities have been established in <50% of patients. We performed genome-wide analysis followed by targeted resequencing in a Turkish consanguineous multiplex family and identified a canonic splice site mutation in ANKS6 associated with an NPHP-like phenotype. Furthermore, we identified four additional ANKS6 variants in a cohort of 56 unrelated patients diagnosed with CKD due to nephronophthisis, chronic GN, interstitial nephritis, or unknown etiology.

Comparison of mechanoreceptor quantities in hip joints of developmental dysplasia of the hip patients with normal hips.

Background: Joint mechanoreceptors are afferent neural elements involved in pain sensation and tactile sense.

Questions/purposes: We aimed to detect the free nerve endings (FNE) and other types of mechanoreceptors and to compare their quantities in human hip joint capsule (HJC) and ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) of babies with developmantal dysplasia of hip (DDH) and intrauterine ex foetuses (control group) to find out whether there is an increase in the amount of mechanoreceptors in hip joint due to the occured anatomical chages.

Patients And Methods: We took 15 LCF and HJC biopsies from 15 patients undergoing hip surgery for DDH, and 15 HJC and LCFs from intrauterine ex fetuses.

Neuroprotective effects of quetiapine on neuronal apoptosis following experimental transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

Objective: This study was undertaken in the belief that the atypical antipsychotic drug quetiapine could prevent apoptosis in the penumbra region following ischemia, taking into account findings that show 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 receptor blockers can prevent apoptosis.

Methods: We created 5 groups, each containing 6 animals. Nothing was done on the K-I group used for comparisons with the other groups to make sure adequate ischemia had been achieved.

Estrogen receptors in hip joint capsule and ligamentum capitis femoris of babies with developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the incidence of estrogen receptors in human hip joint capsule and ligamentum teres.

Methods: The study included biopsies of the ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) and hip joint capsule from 15 patients undergoing hip surgery for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and from the control hips of 15 cases of intrauterine fetal death. Mean age was 10.

Effects of intra-articular administration of autologous bone marrow aspirate on healing of full-thickness meniscal tear: an experimental study on sheep.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell and bone marrow elements on the healing of meniscal tears.

Methods: This study was performed on twelve, 2-year-old male Tahirova sheep. In each subject, one knee was used for experiment purposes and the other knee was used as a control.